Park Seung Shik, Kim Young J, Cho Sung Yong, Kim Seung Jai
Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2007 Apr;57(4):434-43. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.4.434.
Daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected at Gwangju, Korea, during the Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE)-Asia Project to determine the chemical properties of PM2.5 originating from local pollution and Asian dust (AD) storms. During the study period, two significant events occurred on April 10-13 and 24-25, 2001, and a minor event occurred on April 19, 2001. Based on air mass transport pathways identified by back-trajectory calculation, the PM2.5 dataset was classified into three types of aerosol populations: local pollution and two AD aerosol types. The two AD types were transported along different pathways. One originated from Gobi desert area in Mongolia, passing through Hunshandake desert in Northern Inner Mongolia, urban and polluted regions of China (AD1), and the other originated in sandy deserts located in the Northeast Inner Mongolia Plateau and then flowed southward through the Korean peninsula (AD2). During the AD2 event, a smoke plume that originated in North Korea was transported to our study site. Mass balance closures show that crustal materials were the most significant species during both AD events, contributing -48% to the PM2.5 mass; sulfate aerosols (19.1%) and organic matter (OM; 24.6%) were the second greatest contributors during the AD1 and AD2 periods, respectively, indicating that aerosol properties were dependent on the transport pathway. The sulfate concentration constituted only 6.4% (4.5 microg/m3) of the AD2 PM2.5 mass. OM was the major chemical species in the local pollution-dominated PM2.5 aerosols, accounting for 28.7% of the measured PM2.5 mass, followed by sulfate (21.4%), nitrate (15%), ammonium (12.8%), elemental carbon (8.9%), and crustal material (6.5%). Together with substantial enhancement of the crustal elements (Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr, Zr, Ba, and Ce), higher concentrations of pollution elements (S, V, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were observed during AD1 and AD2 than during the local pollution period, indicating that, in addition to crustal material, the AD dust storms also had a significant influence on anthropogenic elements.
在亚洲气溶胶特性实验（ACE）-亚洲项目期间，于韩国光州采集了每日细颗粒物（PM2.5）样本，以确定源自本地污染和亚洲沙尘（AD）风暴的PM2.5的化学性质。在研究期间，2001年4月10 - 13日和24 - 25日发生了两次重大事件，2001年4月19日发生了一次较小事件。根据反向轨迹计算确定的气团传输路径，PM2.5数据集被分为三种气溶胶类型：本地污染以及两种亚洲沙尘气溶胶类型。这两种亚洲沙尘类型沿着不同路径传输。一种源自蒙古的戈壁沙漠地区，途经内蒙古北部的浑善达克沙漠、中国的城市和污染地区（AD1），另一种源自内蒙古高原东北部的沙地沙漠，然后向南流经朝鲜半岛（AD2）。在AD2事件期间，一股源自朝鲜的烟羽被传输到了我们的研究地点。质量平衡闭合分析表明，在两次亚洲沙尘事件中，地壳物质都是最主要的成分，对PM2.5质量的贡献率为 - 48%；硫酸盐气溶胶（19.1%）和有机物（OM；24.6%）分别是AD1和AD2期间的第二大贡献成分，这表明气溶胶特性取决于传输路径。硫酸盐浓度仅占AD2时期PM2.5质量的6.4%（4.5微克/立方米）。有机物是本地污染主导的PM2.5气溶胶中的主要化学成分，占实测PM2.5质量的28.7%，其次是硫酸盐（21.4%）、硝酸盐（15%）、铵（12.8%）、元素碳（8.9%）和地壳物质（6.5%）。与地壳元素（Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、Mn、Fe、Sr、Zr、Ba和Ce）的大幅增加一起，在AD1和AD2期间观察到的污染元素（S、V、Ni、Zn、As、Cd和Pb）浓度高于本地污染时期，这表明除了地壳物质外，亚洲沙尘风暴对人为元素也有重大影响。
