Townend Bradley S, Townend Marcia E, Flood Victoria, Burlutsky George, Rochtchina Elena, Wang Jie Jin, Mitchell Paul
Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;143(6):932-939. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.03.006. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
To investigate the relationships between dietary macronutrient intake at baseline and the five-year incidence of the three main types of cataract in older people.
Population-based cohort study.
An urban community near Sydney, Australia.
The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) examined 3,654 predominantly Caucasian participants aged 49+ years during 1992 to 1994, and then 2,335 survivors (71.5%) after five years. Of these 2,335 subjects, 1988 (85%) completed a Willett-derived food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline.
A 145-item FFQ was used to assess nutrient intakes and lens photography was used to assess the presence of cataract at both time points.
Incidence of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract was assessed via lens photographic grading following the Wisconsin cataract grading method.
After adjusting for multiple known cataract risk factors, higher dietary intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) were associated with a reduced incidence of nuclear cataract. The odds ratio (OR) for subjects in the highest quintile of intake compared to those in the lowest quintile was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35 to 0.97), P(trend) = .027. Similarly, for PSC cataract, higher dietary intakes of protein were protective (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.76), P(trend) = .015. Dietary macronutrient intake was not associated with incident cortical cataract.
Higher dietary intakes of n-3 PUFA may decrease the five-year risk of nuclear cataract, whereas higher dietary intakes of protein may decrease risk for PSC cataract.
研究老年人基线时膳食常量营养素摄入量与三种主要类型白内障五年发病率之间的关系。
基于人群的队列研究。
澳大利亚悉尼附近的一个城市社区。
蓝山眼研究（BMES）在1992年至1994年期间对3654名年龄在49岁及以上的主要为白种人的参与者进行了检查，五年后有2335名幸存者（71.5%）。在这2335名受试者中，1988名（85%）在基线时完成了一份基于威尔特食物频率问卷（FFQ）。
使用一份包含145个条目的FFQ来评估营养素摄入量，并在两个时间点使用晶状体摄影来评估白内障的存在情况。
采用威斯康星白内障分级方法，通过晶状体摄影分级评估皮质性、核性和后囊下（PSC）白内障的发病率。
在对多个已知的白内障危险因素进行调整后，较高的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）膳食摄入量与核性白内障发病率降低相关。摄入量最高五分位数的受试者与最低五分位数的受试者相比，比值比（OR）为0.58（95%置信区间[CI]为0.35至0.97），P（趋势）=0.027。同样，对于PSC白内障，较高的蛋白质膳食摄入量具有保护作用（OR 0.28；95%CI 0.10至0.76），P（趋势）=0.015。膳食常量营养素摄入量与皮质性白内障发病无关。
较高的n-3 PUFA膳食摄入量可能降低核性白内障的五年发病风险，而较高的蛋白质膳食摄入量可能降低PSC白内障的发病风险。
