Mangan Robert L, Moreno Daniel S
Crop Quality and Fruit Insect Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2007 Apr;100(2):440-50. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[440:dobsff]2.0.co;2.
The application of insecticides is an essential component for eradication or management of fruit fly pests. Impact on nontarget organisms and public rejection of areawide pesticide applications have been major concerns in managing these programs. Bait stations have been proposed as alternative treatments in areas where broadcast insecticides are not acceptable. In this study, we defined bait stations as discrete containers of attractants and toxins, which are targeted at specific pests. Tests were carried out using the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), as the experimental insect. Our first bait station design was a sheet of sponge material fastened to a plastic peaked cover. Liquid bait consisting of protein hydrolyzate, sugar, adjuvants, a photoactive dye toxicant, and other additives was applied to the sponge. This station, when tested in an orchard, reduced sterile released adult populations by 70-90% in 4 d compared with check plots. Other tests in field cages showed that the bait station was approximately 22% less effective in killing adults compared with spot sprays on trees. We formulated a gelled bait by using a more refined hydrolyzed protein, supplemental attractants, feeding stimulants, and additives to protect the bait from drying. A series of experiments were carried out in field cages by using a cylindrical bait station that provided improved protection of the bait. These tests showed that there is a gradual decline in bait effectiveness with age.
杀虫剂的应用是根除或管理果蝇害虫的重要组成部分。对非靶标生物的影响以及公众对大面积农药应用的抵制一直是管理这些项目的主要关注点。在广播式杀虫剂不可接受的地区，诱饵站已被提议作为替代处理方法。在本研究中，我们将诱饵站定义为装有引诱剂和毒素的独立容器，其针对特定害虫。使用墨西哥实蝇（Anastrepha ludens (Loew)）作为实验昆虫进行了测试。我们的第一个诱饵站设计是一块固定在塑料尖顶盖上的海绵材料。将由蛋白水解物、糖、助剂、光活性染料毒物和其他添加剂组成的液体诱饵涂抹在海绵上。该诱饵站在果园测试时，与对照地块相比，在4天内可使不育释放成虫数量减少70 - 90%。在田间笼子里进行的其他测试表明，与树上的点喷相比，该诱饵站杀死成虫的效果约低22%。我们通过使用更精制的水解蛋白、补充引诱剂、取食刺激剂和添加剂来防止诱饵干燥，从而配制出一种凝胶诱饵。通过使用能更好地保护诱饵的圆柱形诱饵站在田间笼子里进行了一系列实验。这些测试表明，诱饵的效果会随着时间逐渐下降。
