Shapiro A C, Rohmann S O
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOS/MB7, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Rev Biol Trop. 2005 May;53 Suppl 1:185-93.
Continuous summit-to-sea maps showing both land features and shallow-water coral reefs have been completed in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, using circa 2000 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Imagery. Continuous land/sea terrain was mapped by merging Digital Elevation Models (DEM) with satellite-derived bathymetry. Benthic habitat characterizations were created by unsupervised classifications of Landsat imagery clustered using field data, and produced maps with an estimated overall accuracy of>75% (Tau coefficient >0.65). These were merged with Geocover-LC (land use/land cover) data to create continuous land/ sea cover maps. Image pairs from different dates were analyzed using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) in order to detect areas of change in the marine environment over two different time intervals: 2000 to 2001, and 1991 to 2003. This activity demonstrates the capabilities of Landsat imagery to produce continuous summit-to-sea maps, as well as detect certain changes in the shallow-water marine environment, providing a valuable tool for efficient coastal zone monitoring and effective management and conservation.
利用大约2000年的陆地卫星7号增强型专题绘图仪（ETM+）图像，已完成波多黎各和美属维尔京群岛的从山顶到海洋的连续地图绘制，这些地图展示了陆地地貌和浅水珊瑚礁。通过将数字高程模型（DEM）与卫星衍生的测深数据合并，绘制了连续的陆地/海洋地形。利用实地数据对陆地卫星图像进行无监督分类，创建了底栖生境特征图，生成的地图估计总体精度>75%（陶氏系数>0.65）。这些地图与地理覆盖-LC（土地利用/土地覆盖）数据合并，创建了连续的陆地/海洋覆盖图。使用主成分分析（PCA）对不同日期的图像对进行分析，以检测两个不同时间间隔（2000年至2001年以及1991年至2003年）海洋环境中的变化区域。这项活动展示了陆地卫星图像绘制从山顶到海洋的连续地图以及检测浅水海洋环境中某些变化的能力，为高效的海岸带监测以及有效的管理和保护提供了一个有价值的工具。
