纽约市的城市建成环境与肥胖：一项多层次分析。

The urban built environment and obesity in New York City: a multilevel analysis.

作者信息

Rundle Andrew, Diez Roux Ana V, Free Lance M, Miller Douglas, Neckerman Kathryn M, Weiss Christopher C

机构信息

Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 730, New York, NY 10032, USA.

出版信息

Am J Health Promot. 2007 Mar-Apr;21(4 Suppl):326-34. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.326.

DOI:10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.326

PMID:17465178

Abstract

PURPOSE

To examine whether urban form is associated with body size within a densely-settled city.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional analysis using multilevel modeling to relate body mass index (BMI) to built environment resources.

SETTING

Census tracts (n = 1989) within the five boroughs of New York City.

SUBJECTS

Adult volunteers (n = 13,102) from the five boroughs of New York City recruited between January 2000 and December 2002.

MEASURES

The dependent variable was objectively-measured BMI. Independent variables included land use mix; bus and subway stop density; population density; and intersection density. Covariates included age, gender, race, education, and census tract-level poverty and race/ethnicity.

ANALYSIS

Cross-sectional multilevel analyses.

RESULTS

Mixed land use (Beta = -.55, p < .01), density of bus stops (Beta = -.01, p < .01) and subway stops (Beta = -.06, p < .01), and population density (Beta = -.25, p < .001), but not intersection density (Beta = -. 002) were significantly inversely associated with BMI after adjustmentfor individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics. Comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile of each built environment variable, the predicted adjusted difference in BMI with increased mixed land use was -. 41 units, with bus stop density was -.33 units, with subway stop density was -.34 units, and with population density was -.86 units.

CONCLUSION

BMI is associated with built environment characteristics in New York City.

摘要

目的

研究在人口密集的城市中，城市形态是否与体型相关。

设计

采用多水平模型进行横断面分析，以关联体重指数（BMI）与建成环境资源。

地点

纽约市五个行政区内的普查区（n = 1989）。

研究对象

2000年1月至2002年12月期间招募的来自纽约市五个行政区的成年志愿者（n = 13102）。

测量指标

因变量为客观测量的BMI。自变量包括土地利用混合度；公交站点和地铁站密度；人口密度；以及交叉路口密度。协变量包括年龄、性别、种族、教育程度，以及普查区层面的贫困程度和种族/族裔。

分析方法

横断面多水平分析。

结果

在调整了个体和社区层面的社会人口学特征后，混合土地利用（β = -0.55，p < 0.01）、公交站点密度（β = -0.01，p < 0.01）、地铁站密度（β = -0.06，p < 0.01）和人口密度（β = -0.25，p < 0.001）与BMI显著负相关，但交叉路口密度（β = -0.002）并非如此。比较每个建成环境变量的第90百分位数与第10百分位数，随着混合土地利用增加，预测的调整后BMI差异为-0.41个单位，公交站点密度增加时为-0.33个单位，地铁站密度增加时为-0.34个单位，人口密度增加时为-0.86个单位。