Actual chemotherapeutical possibilities in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients.

Androgen deprivation therapy still remains the gold standard in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Unfortunately, patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy frequently develop androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been used routinely and the current standard regimens have not demonstrated any significant alteration in the development of hormone-refractory disease. Recent phase III randomized clinical trials have suggested that docetaxel-based therapy, demonstrating a real increase of survival in treated patients, could represent the new standard treatment for metastatic patients. There is also promising activity of new drug combinations, such as taxanes plus vinca alkaloids, and of classic chemotherapeutic agents plus biological drugs. This review focuses on the current therapies for the treatment of HRPC.