Sim Cheng Hua, Yusoff Mohd Kamil, Shutes Brian, Ho Sinn Chye, Mansor Mashhor
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Jul;88(2):307-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.011. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
Putrajaya Wetlands in Malaysia, a 200ha constructed wetland system consisting of 24 cells, was created in 1997-1998 to treat surface runoff caused by development and agricultural activities from an upstream catchment before entering Putrajaya Lake (400ha). It was designed for stormwater treatment, flood control and amenity use. The water quality improvement performance of a section of the wetland cells is described. The nutrient removal performance was 82.11% for total nitrogen, 70.73% for nitrate-nitrogen and 84.32% for phosphate, respectively, along six wetland cells from Upper North UN6 to UN1 from April to December 2004. Nutrient removal in pilot scale tank systems, simulating a constructed wetland and planted with examples of common species at Putrajaya, the Common Reed Phragmites karka and Tube Sedge Lepironia articulata, and the capacity of these species to retain nutrients in above and below-ground plant biomass and substrate is reported. The uptake of nutrients by the Common Reed and Tube Sedge from the pilot tank system was 42.1% TKN; 28.9% P and 17.4% TKN; 26.1% P, respectively. The nutrient uptake efficiency of the Common Reed was higher in above-ground than in below-ground tissue. The results have implications for plant species selection in the design of constructed wetlands in Malaysia and for optimizing the performance of these systems.
马来西亚的布城湿地是一个占地200公顷的人工湿地系统，由24个单元组成，于1997年至1998年建成，用于处理上游集水区因开发和农业活动产生的地表径流，使其在进入布城湖（400公顷）之前得到净化。该湿地旨在进行雨水处理、防洪及提供休闲功能。本文描述了湿地部分单元的水质改善情况。2004年4月至12月期间，沿着从北部上游的UN6到UN1的六个湿地单元，总氮的去除率为82.11%，硝态氮为70.73%，磷酸盐为84.32%。文中还报告了在模拟人工湿地的中试规模水箱系统中，种植布城常见物种如芦苇（Phragmites karka）和竹节草（Lepironia articulata）时的养分去除情况，以及这些物种在地上和地下植物生物量及基质中保留养分的能力。芦苇和竹节草对中试水箱系统中养分的吸收分别为42.1%的总凯氏氮；28.9%的磷和17.4%的总凯氏氮；26.1%的磷。芦苇地上组织的养分吸收效率高于地下组织。这些结果对马来西亚人工湿地设计中的植物物种选择以及优化这些系统的性能具有启示意义。
