Martínez K
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2006;29 Suppl 2:15-24.
Ethical and legal consensus in our country bases the practice of donations and transplants on different ethical principles, which are contained in the legislation, closely conforming to the four principles of principialist bioethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The level of donations achieved in our milieu might, in fact, be related to a strict respect for these principles by the health professionals, as well as to the excellent organisation of the transplant world. Many scientific, technical and ethical challenges have had to be met to reach the present state of the transplant. And there are many current challenges. The article only analyses some of these due to their technical, ethical and social repercussions: organ transplants involving a live donor, the public request for organs, the organ market, the transplant of non-vital organs (basically the face transplant), the use of stem cells and the banks of umbilical cord cells. The aim of the article is to state the ethical problems raised by these new practices, in order to lay the foundations for a moral deliberation that must necessarily involve the whole of society.
我国的伦理和法律共识将捐赠与移植实践建立在不同的伦理原则基础之上，这些原则包含在立法中，紧密遵循原则主义生物伦理学的四项原则：自主、行善、不伤害和公正。事实上，我国所实现的捐赠水平可能与卫生专业人员对这些原则的严格遵守以及移植领域的卓越组织有关。为达到目前的移植状态，必须应对许多科学、技术和伦理挑战。而且当前存在诸多挑战。由于其技术、伦理和社会影响，本文仅分析其中一些：涉及活体捐赠者的器官移植、公众对器官的需求、器官市场、非重要器官移植（主要是面部移植）、干细胞的使用以及脐带血库。本文旨在阐述这些新实践引发的伦理问题，以便为必然涉及整个社会的道德审议奠定基础。
