Adkesson Michael J, Langan Jennifer N, Paul Allan
University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2007 Mar;38(1):27-31. doi: 10.1638/06-005.1.
Numerous cases of Gongylonema spp. infection with associated pathological lesions and clinical signs were identified in a collection of Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii) (GMs) at a zoological park during a 3-yr period. An increase in the incidence of clinical signs in the GMs and other callitrichid species prompted an investigation to determine the prevalence of infection within the collection and evaluate treatment protocols. Twenty-one callitrichids [nine GMs, four golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), six cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and two golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)] were included in this study. Many of the animals had been positively diagnosed on past examinations. Repeated cytological evaluations of scrapings taken from the mucosa of the tongue were performed to diagnose infection. The animals were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either ivermectin (290 microg/kg p.o., q7 days for four doses) or mebendazole (70 mg/kg p.o. q24 hr for three doses). Follow-up scrapings were performed on all animals at days 35, 64, and 156. Numerous animals displayed clinical signs (facial pruritus, inflammation, and ptyalism) before and throughout the investigation; however, Gongylonema spp. infections were only confirmed by tongue scrapings in two animals. Fecal floatation by using a sodium nitrate solution for recovery of spirurid eggs also was performed, but it yielded no positive results. The low number of confirmed cases precluded comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the anthelmintic treatment protocols. However, both regimes seemed subjectively similar in decreasing clinical signs and were safe with no adverse effects. Diagnosis of Gongylonema spp. infection is challenging, even when severe clinical signs are present. This investigation further demonstrates the lack of a reliable ante-mortem test for the parasite and underscores the importance of treatment based on clinical signs. Until a more sensitive test is available, further comparison studies on treatment regimes will be difficult and likely unrewarding.
在3年期间，一家动物园的一群戈尔迪狨猴（Callimico goeldii，GMs）中发现了许多感染筒线虫属并伴有相关病理病变和临床症状的病例。GMs及其他狨猴科物种临床症状发生率的增加促使开展一项调查，以确定该群体中的感染率并评估治疗方案。本研究纳入了21只狨猴科动物[9只GMs、4只金头狮面狨（Leontopithecus rosalia）、6只棉顶狨（Saguinus oedipus）和2只金头狮面狨（Leontopithecus chrysomelas）]。许多动物在过去的检查中已被确诊。对从舌黏膜采集的刮片进行反复细胞学评估以诊断感染。将动物随机分为两组，分别用伊维菌素（290μg/kg口服，每7天一次，共4剂）或甲苯达唑（70mg/kg口服，每24小时一次，共3剂）进行治疗。在第35、64和156天对所有动物进行随访刮片。在调查前及整个调查过程中，许多动物都表现出临床症状（面部瘙痒、炎症和流涎）；然而，仅在两只动物的舌刮片中确诊了筒线虫属感染。还采用硝酸钠溶液进行粪便漂浮以回收旋尾目虫卵，但未得到阳性结果。确诊病例数量较少，无法对驱虫治疗方案的疗效进行比较评估。然而，两种治疗方案在减轻临床症状方面主观上似乎相似，且安全性良好，没有不良反应。即使存在严重的临床症状，筒线虫属感染的诊断也具有挑战性。这项调查进一步证明缺乏针对该寄生虫的可靠生前检测方法，并强调了基于临床症状进行治疗的重要性。在有更敏感的检测方法之前，对治疗方案进行进一步的比较研究将很困难，而且可能没有结果。
