Huh Warner K, Kendrick James E, Alvarez Ronald D
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;109(5):1187-92. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000259921.49453.6e.
Cervical cancer, which is caused by oncogenic types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), is the second most common cancer in women, responsible for 274,000 deaths worldwide in 2002. Approximately 70% of all cervical cancers are caused by the two most common oncogenic HPV types, HPV-16 and HPV-18; another 10% are caused by the next most common types, HPV-45 and HPV-31. Therefore, vaccines designed to prevent infection with oncogenic HPV types have the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Vaccinology research recently has developed tools that may be used to improve the safety and efficacy of vaccines, and several of these tools have been used in the development of HPV vaccines. These advances include new insight into antigen selection, inclusion of adjuvants designed to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines, and investigation into alternative routes of administration. Clinical studies of HPV vaccines that take advantage of these technological advances have reported excellent safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy results for prevention of HPV infection and incidence of associated cytopathologic abnormalities.
宫颈癌由致癌型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）引起，是女性第二常见的癌症，2002年在全球导致27.4万人死亡。所有宫颈癌中约70%由两种最常见的致癌HPV类型HPV-16和HPV-18引起；另外10%由接下来最常见的类型HPV-45和HPV-31引起。因此，旨在预防致癌HPV类型感染的疫苗有可能降低与宫颈癌和癌前病变相关的发病率和死亡率。疫苗学研究最近开发了可用于提高疫苗安全性和有效性的工具，其中一些工具已用于HPV疫苗的研发。这些进展包括对抗抗原选择的新认识、加入旨在增强疫苗免疫原性的佐剂以及对替代给药途径的研究。利用这些技术进展的HPV疫苗临床研究报告了预防HPV感染及相关细胞病理学异常发生率方面出色的安全性、免疫原性和有效性结果。
