Extracavitary vascular injuries involving the cervical area and the extremities constitute about 50% of all vascular injuries. Initial evaluation and resuscitation of patients with vascular injuries should follow standard Advanced Trauma Life Support protocols. Diagnosis of the injury is heavily reliant on physical examination, supplemented by arteriography in specific instances. Intraoperative management utilizes all the basic principles of vascular surgery. Postoperative nursing care focuses on the entire patient including the detection of early complications of vascular repair. Recent advances in transportation, resuscitation and operative techniques have lead to a decrease in mortality and morbidity.
累及颈部和四肢的腔外血管损伤约占所有血管损伤的50%。血管损伤患者的初始评估和复苏应遵循标准的高级创伤生命支持方案。损伤的诊断很大程度上依赖体格检查，在特定情况下辅以动脉造影。术中管理运用血管外科的所有基本原则。术后护理关注整个患者，包括血管修复早期并发症的检测。运输、复苏和手术技术的最新进展已导致死亡率和发病率下降。
