Grabowski Marek L
Głównego Inspektoratu Sanitarnego w Warszawie.
Wiad Lek. 2002;55 Suppl 1(Pt 2):686-93.
The article presents the history of Polish sanitary and epidemiological services from 1918 until contemporary times. Emphasizing many achievements of National Sanitary Inspectorate, which are responsible for the low sick-rate of infectious diseases in Poland, the article also points to the increasing number and growing severity of environmental hazards in recent years. The article discusses problems caused by the "old" infectious diseases, which, though until recently regarded as passed, are posing threats to the society nowadays (e.g. TB, pestis, cholera). Equally, the article highlights problems caused by the "new" highly infectious diseases (e.g. Ebola fever, AIDS). Moreover, the article focuses on the particularly relevant subject of tackling biological weapons, the use of which can be traced past the recent events after September 11 and back to the Middle Ages. Finally, the article stresses the role of sanitary and epidemiological services in fighting recent animal epidemics, such as foot-and-mouth disease and mad cow disease. Discussing particular cases of the environmental hazards mentioned above, recorded in Poland, the article emphasizes the importance of the proper staff selection for National Sanitary Inspectorate. In the past decade in Poland, Sanitary Inspectors were selected mostly with regard to their political orientation, rather than their professional background. The author of the article hopes that human life and health will be treated with more respect in Poland in the neart future and the positions of Sanitary Inspectors will be given to professionals with proper epidemiological preparation. Radical changes in the policy of staff selection, modernization of training programs, as well as creation of a more practical structure of National Sanitary Inspectorate are the necessary conditions for transforming sanitary and epidemiological services in Poland into reliable and prestigious institutions, capable of dealing with the environmental hazards of the twenty-first century.
本文介绍了1918年至当代波兰卫生和流行病学服务的历史。文章强调了国家卫生检查局的诸多成就，该局负责波兰传染病的低发病率，同时也指出近年来环境危害的数量不断增加且危害程度日益严重。文章讨论了由“旧”传染病引发的问题，这些传染病虽然直到最近还被认为已经过去，但如今却对社会构成威胁（如结核病、鼠疫、霍乱）。同样，文章还突出了由“新”的高传染性疾病（如埃博拉热、艾滋病）引发的问题。此外，文章重点关注了应对生物武器这一特别相关的主题，其使用可以追溯到9·11事件后的近期事件之前，甚至可以追溯到中世纪。最后，文章强调了卫生和流行病学服务在抗击近期动物疫情（如口蹄疫和疯牛病）中的作用。在讨论波兰记录的上述环境危害的具体案例时，文章强调了为国家卫生检查局选拔合适人员的重要性。在过去十年里，波兰卫生检查员的选拔大多基于其政治倾向，而非专业背景。文章作者希望在不久的将来，波兰能更加尊重人类生命和健康，卫生检查员的职位将授予具备适当流行病学知识的专业人员。选拔政策的彻底变革、培训项目的现代化以及建立一个更具实用性的国家卫生检查局结构，是将波兰的卫生和流行病学服务转变为可靠且有声望的机构、能够应对21世纪环境危害的必要条件。
