Bubka Andrea, Bonato Frederick, Palmisano Stephen
Department of Psychology, Saint Peter's College, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007 Apr;78(4):383-6.
Sensory conflict may be a factor in simulator sickness (SS) given that visual input is often inconsistent with other sensory inputs. It was predicted that an expanding optical flow pattern would lead to more sensory conflict, and subsequently more SS than a contracting pattern.
There were 16 individuals who participated in the experiment (6 men, 10 women, mean age = 24.4 yrs). Subjects viewed a steadily expanding pattern of blue squares displayed on a computer monitor. In a second condition the pattern steadily contracted. Subjects completed the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) designed by Kennedy and colleagues both before and after a trial (5 min exposure to optic flow). A total SSQ score and three SSQ sub-scores (nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation) were obtained.
Mean post-treatment total SSQ scores (mean=28) in the expanding condition were higher than those obtained in the contracting condition (mean=17). Nausea and oculomotor SSQ sub-scores were also higher in the expanding condition compared with the contracting condition.
Experience with expanding flow patterns that result during forward self-motion, and the sensory inputs that usually accompany them, have resulted in a central nervous system expectancy about what the appropriate inputs should be during forward self-motion. Less experience with backwards self-motion (and contracting patterns) may result in a lower level of expectation regarding what the appropriate sensory inputs should be for contracting flow patterns. This lower level of neural expectancy may subsequently lead to less sensory conflict and less SS generated by contracting flow patterns.
鉴于视觉输入通常与其他感觉输入不一致，感觉冲突可能是模拟器晕动病（SS）的一个因素。据预测，与收缩模式相比，扩展的光流模式会导致更多的感觉冲突，进而导致更多的模拟器晕动病。
16名个体参与了该实验（6名男性，10名女性，平均年龄 = 24.4岁）。受试者观看电脑显示器上稳定扩展的蓝色方块图案。在第二种情况下，图案稳定收缩。受试者在一次试验（5分钟暴露于光流）前后均完成了由肯尼迪及其同事设计的模拟器晕动病问卷（SSQ）。获得了SSQ总分以及三个SSQ子分数（恶心、动眼神经和定向障碍）。
扩展条件下治疗后的平均SSQ总分（平均值 = 28）高于收缩条件下获得的分数（平均值 = 17）。与收缩条件相比，扩展条件下恶心和动眼神经SSQ子分数也更高。
向前自我运动过程中出现的扩展流模式以及通常伴随它们的感觉输入的经验，导致中枢神经系统对向前自我运动期间适当的输入应该是什么产生了预期。向后自我运动（和收缩模式）的经验较少，可能导致对收缩流模式的适当感觉输入应该是什么的预期水平较低。这种较低水平的神经预期可能随后导致较少的感觉冲突以及收缩流模式产生较少的模拟器晕动病。
