Barreto Armando, Zhai Jing, Rishe Naphtali, Gao Ying
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2007;43:146-51.
In this paper we explore the potential of analyzing pupil diameter measurements obtained using a desktop-mounted Eye Gaze Tracking (EGT) instrument to identify changes in the affective state of a computer user. In our experiment we induced intervals of relaxed and stressed affective states by asking the computer user to respond to sequences of congruent and incongruent Stroop word presentations. The recorded pupil diameter values verify our initial expectations by showing an increase in pupil diameter mean value as the subject transitions form a congruent Stroop sequence or segment to an incongruent Stroop segment. This mean pupil diameter value increase was found in all but one of the 96 transitions studied from 32 subjects. The statistical significance of these mean value increases was studied by means of a t-test for the comparison of means. All the pairs of mean pupil diameter values were found to be significantly different at a 0.05 significance level (p <0.05). This seems to indicate that the real-time measurement of pupil diameter of the computer user holds a strong promise to become a non-intrusive way to make the computer aware of changes in the affective status of the user. However, it is clear that several implementation issues still must be resolved before this approach can be practical for use in the context of ordinary human-computer interaction, where, for example, the environmental illumination levels are not controlled, as they were during our experiments.
在本文中，我们探讨了分析使用台式眼动追踪（EGT）仪器获得的瞳孔直径测量值，以识别计算机用户情感状态变化的潜力。在我们的实验中，通过要求计算机用户对一致和不一致的斯特鲁普单词呈现序列做出反应，诱导出放松和紧张的情感状态区间。记录的瞳孔直径值证实了我们最初的预期，即随着受试者从一致的斯特鲁普序列或片段过渡到不一致的斯特鲁普片段，瞳孔直径平均值会增加。在研究的32名受试者的96次过渡中，除了一次之外，所有过渡都发现了这种平均瞳孔直径值的增加。通过均值比较的t检验研究了这些均值增加的统计显著性。发现在0.05的显著性水平（p <0.05）下，所有平均瞳孔直径值对都有显著差异。这似乎表明，实时测量计算机用户的瞳孔直径很有希望成为一种非侵入性的方式，使计算机能够感知用户情感状态的变化。然而，很明显，在这种方法能够实际应用于普通人机交互环境之前，仍有几个实施问题必须解决，例如，在我们的实验中环境光照水平是受到控制的，但在普通人机交互环境中却不受控制。
