Priess J A, Mimler M, Klein A M, Schwarze S, Tscharntke T, Steffan-Dewenter I
Center for Environmental Systems Research, Kassel University, Kurt-Wolters-Strasse, Kassel, Germany.
Ecol Appl. 2007 Mar;17(2):407-17. doi: 10.1890/05-1795.
The ecological and economic consequences of rain forest conversion and fragmentation for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services like protection of soils, water retention, pollination, or biocontrol are poorly understood. In human-dominated tropical landscapes, forest remnants may provide ecosystem services and act as a source for beneficial organisms immigrating into adjacent annual and perennial agro-ecosystems. In this study, we use empirical data on the negative effects of increasing forest distance on both pollinator diversity and fruit set of coffee to estimate future changes in pollination services for different land use scenarios in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Spatially explicit land use simulations demonstrate that depending on the magnitude and location of ongoing forest conversion, pollination services are expected to decline continuously and thus directly reduce coffee yields by up to 18%, and net revenues per hectare up to 14% within the next two decades (compared to average yields of the year 2001). Currently, forests in the study area annually provide pollination services worth 46 Euros per hectare. However, our simulations also revealed a potential win-win constellation, in which ecological and economic values can be preserved, if patches of forests (or other natural vegetation) are maintained in the agricultural landscape, which could be a viable near future option for local farmers and regional land use planners.
雨林转化和破碎化对生物多样性、生态系统功能以及诸如土壤保护、保水、授粉或生物防治等生态系统服务所产生的生态和经济后果，目前还知之甚少。在人类主导的热带景观中，森林残余部分可能提供生态系统服务，并作为有益生物迁入相邻一年生和多年生农业生态系统的来源。在本研究中，我们利用关于森林距离增加对传粉者多样性和咖啡坐果率的负面影响的实证数据，来估计印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛不同土地利用情景下未来授粉服务的变化。空间明确的土地利用模拟表明，根据正在进行的森林转化的规模和位置，授粉服务预计将持续下降，从而在未来二十年内直接使咖啡产量降低多达18%，每公顷净收入降低多达14%（与2001年的平均产量相比）。目前，研究区域内的森林每年每公顷提供价值46欧元的授粉服务。然而，我们的模拟还揭示了一种潜在的双赢局面，即如果在农业景观中保留森林斑块（或其他自然植被），生态和经济价值都可以得到保护，这对于当地农民和区域土地利用规划者来说可能是一个可行的近期选择。
