Frischknecht Freddy
Department of Parasitology, Hygiene Institute, Heidelberg University School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Cell Microbiol. 2007 Jul;9(7):1630-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00955.x. Epub 2007 May 8.
Animal skin separates the inner world of the body from the largely hostile outside world and is actively involved in the defence against microbes. However, the skin is no perfect defence barrier and many microorganisms have managed to live on or within the skin as harmless passengers or as disease-causing pathogens. Microbes have evolved numerous strategies that allow them to gain access to the layers underneath the epidermis where they either multiply within the dermis or move to distant destinations within the body for replication. A number of viruses, bacteria and parasites use arthropod vectors, like ticks or mosquitoes, to deliver them into the dermis while taking their blood meal. Within the dermis, successful pathogens subvert the function of a variety of skin resident cells or cells of the innate immune system that rush to the site of infection. In this review several interactions with cells of the skin by medically relevant vector-borne pathogens are discussed to highlight the different ways in which these pathogens have come to survive within the skin and to usurp the defence mechanisms of the host for their own ends.
动物皮肤将身体的内部世界与基本上充满敌意的外部世界分隔开来，并积极参与抵御微生物的过程。然而，皮肤并非完美的防御屏障，许多微生物已设法在皮肤上或皮肤内生存，它们或是无害的过客，或是致病的病原体。微生物已进化出多种策略，使它们能够进入表皮下方的各层，在真皮层内繁殖，或转移至身体内的其他部位进行复制。许多病毒、细菌和寄生虫利用节肢动物媒介，如蜱虫或蚊子，在吸食血液时将它们输送到真皮层。在真皮层内，成功的病原体破坏各种皮肤驻留细胞或先天免疫系统细胞的功能，这些细胞会迅速赶赴感染部位。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了医学上相关的媒介传播病原体与皮肤细胞的几种相互作用，以突出这些病原体在皮肤内存活并为自身目的篡夺宿主防御机制的不同方式。
