Zolfaghari Ghasem, Esmaili-Sari Abbas, Ghasempouri Seyed Mahmoud, Faghihzadeh Soghrat
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, P. O. Box: 46414-356, Mazandaran, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.03.007. Epub 2007 May 8.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure to mercury (Hg), and to examine the various parameters, which contribute to high levels of mercury of Iranian dentists in Tehran. One-hundred hair and nail samples were collected from dentists. In addition, fifty samples from a control group and twenty-five additional samples from dental nurses were taken for comparison. The survey included a structured questionnaire designed to provide information about the parameters that influenced their occupational and environmental exposure to Hg. Overall mean concentrations in the hair and nails of the dentists was 2.84+/-0.47 and 3.56+/-0.53 mg/kg dry wt respectively. The equivalent values were 0.61+/-0.07 mg/kg in hair and 0.39+/-0.06 mg/kg in nails for the control group. In addition, mean concentrations in the dental nurses were 0.92+/-0.23 and 1.77+/-0.51 mg/kg in hair and nails respectively. The study showed that use of masks had a significant effect on Hg levels (p=0.02 for hair and p=0.03 for nails) and use of gloves only had significant effect on nails Hg (p=0.05). Hg concentrations in nails were significantly lower among the dentists who always used gloves and masks. Also, fish consumption and number of patients visited per day had a significant effect on hair (p=0.02 and p=0.02 respectively) and nails (p=0.03 and p=0.02 respectively) Hg. On the other hand, there was a significant effect of age in relation to Hg concentration in the hair and nails of the dentists (p=0.006 for hair and p=0.01 for nails). Multiple regressions were computed between hair Hg and the various assessed variables. The only positive results were between Hg concentration and masks for the dentists (p=0.03), and Hg concentration and the number of fish meals for the control group (p=0.009).
本研究的目的是评估汞（Hg）的环境和职业暴露情况，并研究导致德黑兰伊朗牙医体内汞含量过高的各种参数。从牙医处收集了100份头发和指甲样本。此外，还采集了50份对照组样本和25份牙科护士的额外样本用于比较。该调查包括一份结构化问卷，旨在提供有关影响他们职业和环境汞暴露的参数的信息。牙医头发和指甲中的总体平均浓度分别为2.84±0.47和3.56±0.53毫克/千克干重。对照组头发和指甲中的相应值分别为0.61±0.07毫克/千克和0.39±0.06毫克/千克。此外，牙科护士头发和指甲中的平均浓度分别为0.92±0.23和1.77±0.51毫克/千克。研究表明，使用口罩对汞含量有显著影响（头发p = 0.02，指甲p = 0.03），仅使用手套对指甲汞含量有显著影响（p = 0.05）。在始终使用手套和口罩的牙医中，指甲中的汞浓度显著较低。此外，鱼类消费量和每天看诊的患者数量对头发（分别为p = 0.02和p = 0.02）和指甲（分别为p = 0.03和p = 0.02）汞含量有显著影响。另一方面，年龄对牙医头发和指甲中的汞浓度有显著影响（头发p = 0.006，指甲p = 0.01）。计算了头发汞含量与各种评估变量之间的多元回归。唯一的阳性结果是牙医的汞浓度与口罩之间（p = 0.03），以及对照组的汞浓度与鱼餐数量之间（p = 0.009）。
