Okamoto S
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Aichi Gakuin University.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1991 Aug;62(3):164-71. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.62.164.
The purpose of this study is to examine situational determinants of one type of expressions used in situations of requests: expressions in which a speaker refers to his surroundings or his own condition without using conventional forms of requests (expressions of a speaker's state: ESSs). In four experiments subjects read scenarios in each of which the protagonist needed to make a request, and then the subjects made a note of how they would say in that situation. The findings were as follows: (Experiment 1) Subjects used ESSs more when it was obligatory for the addressee to obey the request than when it was not. (Experiment 2) Intimacy between the protagonist and the addressee did not uniformly influence subjects' use of ESSs. (Experiment 3) When the addressee made a previous statement which indicated his knowledge of the protagonist's goal, ESSs decreased. (Experiment 4) Subjects used indecisive ending expressions (-kedo,-ga) in ESSs more when the addressee's behavior brought benefits to the protagonist than when it did not.
即说话者在不使用传统请求形式的情况下提及自身周围环境或自身状况的表达方式（说话者状态表达：ESSs）。在四项实验中，受试者阅读各种场景，每个场景中的主人公都需要提出请求，然后受试者记录他们在那种情况下会怎么说。研究结果如下：（实验1）当收件人必须服从请求时，受试者使用ESSs的频率高于不必服从请求时。（实验2）主人公与收件人之间的亲密程度并没有一致地影响受试者对ESSs的使用。（实验3）当收件人之前的陈述表明其知晓主人公的目标时，ESSs的使用减少。（实验4）当收件人的行为给主人公带来益处时，受试者在ESSs中使用犹豫性结尾表达（-kedo，-ga）的频率高于未带来益处时。
