Ogawa Yoshiko, Grant J Andrew
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Immunology, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Texas Medical Branch, Medical Research Building 8.104, Galveston, TX 77555-1083, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2007 May;27(2):249-60, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2007.03.013.
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition closely linked to IgE activation of mast cells with subsequent release of preformed mediators, including histamine, neutral proteases (tryptase and chymase), and proteoglycans (eg, heparin) from intracellular granules. These factors participate in the development of classic symptoms involving the skin, respiratory tract, circulation, and gastrointestinal system. Release of these granules is followed quickly by increased synthesis from membrane arachidonic acid of prostaglandins and leukotrienes that have an additional role in clinical symptoms. Thereafter, mast cells release numerous chemokines and cytokines that initiate recruitment and activation of additional inflammatory cells, including basophils, eosinophils, and Th2 cells.
过敏反应是一种危及生命的状况，与肥大细胞的IgE激活密切相关，随后细胞内颗粒释放预先形成的介质，包括组胺、中性蛋白酶（类胰蛋白酶和糜酶）以及蛋白聚糖（如肝素）。这些因素参与了涉及皮肤、呼吸道、循环系统和胃肠道系统的典型症状的发展。这些颗粒释放后，膜花生四烯酸合成前列腺素和白三烯迅速增加，它们在临床症状中起额外作用。此后，肥大细胞释放多种趋化因子和细胞因子，启动包括嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和Th2细胞在内的其他炎症细胞的募集和激活。
