Johansson Gunn, Huang Qinghai, Lindfors Petra
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Aug;65(4):685-97. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.001. Epub 2007 May 9.
The purpose of this study was to investigate if and how health and well-being in mid-life are influenced by the ways in which individuals have combined educational, occupational, and family involvement throughout their adult lives. Life-career patterns (LC) and occupational career patterns (OC) were retrieved from a longitudinal cohort of Swedish women born in the 1950s. Retrospective occupational biographies retrieved at age 43 generated nine LC and 10 OC patterns which served as the basis for the present study. LC patterns combined timing, ordering, duration, and content of activities (e.g., education, work, and parenthood), while OC patterns considered occupational level and its stability over time. Data on life and job satisfaction, psychological well-being, work-family conflict, optimism, and mental distress were collected at age 49. For a sub-sample of the women who took part in a medical examination, seven biomarkers were combined into a measure of allostatic load (AL). The results showed that LC pattern-groups differed significantly but modestly in four aspects of health and well-being whereas OC pattern-groups displayed significant between-group differences in all outcome variables except life satisfaction. The results are interpreted in terms of a social-health gradient effect and a supportive societal context of the Swedish welfare state, which offered a considerable amount of free choice to the women in the cohort.
本研究的目的是调查个体在成年生活中如何结合教育、职业和家庭参与，是否以及如何影响中年时期的健康和幸福。从20世纪50年代出生的瑞典女性纵向队列中获取生活-职业模式（LC）和职业模式（OC）。在43岁时获取的回顾性职业传记产生了9种LC模式和10种OC模式，作为本研究的基础。LC模式结合了活动的时间安排、顺序、持续时间和内容（如教育、工作和育儿），而OC模式则考虑职业水平及其随时间的稳定性。在49岁时收集了关于生活和工作满意度、心理健康、工作-家庭冲突、乐观主义和精神困扰的数据。对于参加医学检查的女性子样本，将七种生物标志物组合成一种衡量应激负荷（AL）的指标。结果表明，LC模式组在健康和幸福的四个方面存在显著但适度的差异，而OC模式组在除生活满意度之外的所有结果变量上均显示出显著的组间差异。研究结果根据社会-健康梯度效应以及瑞典福利国家的支持性社会背景进行了解释，该福利国家为队列中的女性提供了大量自由选择。
