Garber Lindsey, Voelker Laurel, Hill George, Rodriguez Judith
National Animal Health Monitoring System, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
Avian Dis. 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):417-20. doi: 10.1637/7571-033106R.1.
In 2005 the National Animal Health Monitoring System conducted a survey in 183 live poultry markets throughout the United States. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of live poultry markets in the United States and to identify potential risk factors for markets to be repeatedly positive for low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5/H7. A questionnaire was administered to market operators that included questions regarding types of birds and other animals in the market, biosecurity, and cleaning and disinfecting practices. A history of testing for avian influenza from March 2004 through March 2005 was obtained for each market. Cases were defined as markets with at least 2 positive LPAI/H5/H7 test results during the year (separate occasions), and controls were defined as markets that were tested at least twice during the year with all negative results. Markets in the North region (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New England) were larger than markets in the South (Florida, California, Texas) and were more likely to slaughter birds on-site. Testing for avian influenza virus (AIV) was performed more frequently in the North region than in the South region. Markets in the North region tested positive for H5 or H7 at 14.6% of the testing visits, and no markets in the South region tested positive for H5/H7 at any time during the year. Factors associated with repeated presence of LPAIV H5/H7 included number of times the market was cleaned and disinfected, being open 7 days per week, and trash disposal of dead birds.
2005年，国家动物卫生监测系统在美国全境183个活禽市场开展了一项调查。本研究的目的是描述美国活禽市场的特征，并确定活禽市场反复出现低致病性禽流感病毒（LPAIV）H5/H7阳性的潜在风险因素。向市场经营者发放了一份调查问卷，内容包括市场内鸟类和其他动物的种类、生物安全措施以及清洁和消毒做法等问题。获取了每个市场2004年3月至2005年3月期间的禽流感检测历史记录。病例定义为在一年内（不同时间）至少有2次LPAI/H5/H7检测结果呈阳性的市场，对照定义为一年内至少接受过两次检测且所有结果均为阴性的市场。北部地区（纽约、新泽西、宾夕法尼亚、新英格兰）的市场比南部地区（佛罗里达、加利福尼亚、得克萨斯）的市场规模更大，且更有可能在现场宰杀禽类。北部地区对禽流感病毒（AIV）的检测频率高于南部地区。北部地区的市场在14.6%的检测中H5或H7呈阳性，而南部地区在该年度内任何时候均无市场H5/H7检测呈阳性。与LPAIV H5/H7反复出现相关的因素包括市场清洁和消毒的次数、每周营业7天以及死禽的垃圾处理情况。
