Dixit Baleshwari, Murugkar H V, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Kumar Manoj, Pathak Anubha, Panickan Sivasankar, Shrivastav Neeraj, Mishra Anjani K, Dixit Manu
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Kuthulia, Rewa, M.P. 486001 India.
National High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Bhopal, M.P. India.
Virusdisease. 2024 Jun;35(2):321-328. doi: 10.1007/s13337-024-00865-y. Epub 2024 May 16.
H9N2 avian Influenza virus subtype is highly neglected but have the potential to emerge as a next pandemic influenza virus, by either itself evolution or through the donation of genes to other subtype. So to understand the extent of H9N2 virus prevalence and associated risk factors in poultry of retail shops and their surrounding environment a cross sectional study was carried out. A total of 500 poultry tissue and 700 environmental samples were collected from 20 district of Madhya Pradesh. Virus isolation was carried out in egg inoculation and harvested allantoic fluid was tested for HA and further molecular confirmation of subtypes by RT-PCR using H9 specific primers. Prevalence was calculated and positive samples were statistically associated with observed risk factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 9.4% and 9.7% prevalence in tissue samples and environmental samples has been reported respectively and out of 20 districts 10 (50%) were found positive for the virus. Out of 21 studied risk factors only two risk factors named as "keeping total number birds slaughtered per day" and "procuring birds from wholesaler" were found significantly associated with the H9N2 positivity in multivariate logistic regression analysis. This high level of H9N2 positivity in birds with no clinical manifestations providing a great opportunity for avian influenza virus for amplification, co-infection in other animals like dogs, cats, pigs and in human through genetic re-assortment that may lead to emergence of a novel influenza virus with high zoonotic potential.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00865-y.
H9N2禽流感病毒亚型一直被严重忽视，但它有可能通过自身进化或向其他亚型捐赠基因而成为下一种大流行性流感病毒。因此，为了解零售商店家禽及其周边环境中H9N2病毒的流行程度和相关风险因素，开展了一项横断面研究。从中央邦的20个地区共采集了500份家禽组织样本和700份环境样本。通过鸡胚接种进行病毒分离，收获的尿囊液进行血凝素（HA）检测，并使用H9特异性引物通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对亚型进行进一步分子确认。计算患病率，并使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析将阳性样本与观察到的风险因素进行统计学关联。据报道，组织样本和环境样本中的患病率分别为9.4%和9.7%，在20个地区中，有10个（50%）被发现病毒呈阳性。在研究的21个风险因素中，只有两个风险因素，即“每天屠宰的家禽总数”和“从批发商处采购家禽”，在多变量逻辑回归分析中被发现与H9N2阳性显著相关。这种在无临床表现的禽类中H9N2的高阳性率为禽流感病毒提供了一个绝佳的扩增机会，可能通过基因重配在狗、猫、猪等其他动物以及人类中发生共感染，这可能导致具有高人畜共患病潜力的新型流感病毒出现。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s13337-024-00865-y获取的补充材料。
