Lara-Castro Cristina, Fu Yuchang, Chung B Hong, Garvey W Timothy
Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2007 Jun;18(3):263-70. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32814a645f.
Adiponectin is secreted exclusively by adipocytes, aggregates in multimeric forms, and circulates at high concentrations in blood. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting cellular effects of adiponectin and its role in human lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis.
Adiponectin is an important autocrine/paracrine factor in adipose tissue that modulates differentiation of preadipocytes and favors formation of mature adipocytes. It also functions as an endocrine factor, influencing whole-body metabolism via effects on target organs. Adiponectin multimers exert differential biologic effects, with the high-molecular-weight multimer associated with favorable metabolic effects (i.e. greater insulin sensitivity, reduced visceral adipose mass, reduced plasma triglycerides, and increased HDL-cholesterol). Adiponectin influences plasma lipoprotein levels by altering the levels and activity of key enzymes (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) responsible for the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL. It thus influences atherosclerosis by affecting the balance of atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins in plasma, and by modulating cellular processes involved in foam cell formation.
Recent studies emphasize the role played by adiponectin in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These pleiotropic effects make it an attractive therapeutic target for obesity-related conditions.
脂联素仅由脂肪细胞分泌，以多聚体形式聚集，并在血液中高浓度循环。本综述总结了近期研究，突出了脂联素的细胞效应及其在人类脂质代谢和动脉粥样硬化中的作用。
脂联素是脂肪组织中一种重要的自分泌/旁分泌因子，可调节前脂肪细胞的分化并促进成熟脂肪细胞的形成。它还作为一种内分泌因子，通过对靶器官的作用影响全身代谢。脂联素多聚体发挥不同的生物学效应，高分子量多聚体与有利的代谢效应相关（即更高的胰岛素敏感性、减少内脏脂肪量、降低血浆甘油三酯和增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）。脂联素通过改变负责富含甘油三酯脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白分解代谢的关键酶（脂蛋白脂肪酶和肝脂肪酶）的水平和活性来影响血浆脂蛋白水平。因此，它通过影响血浆中致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白和抗动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白的平衡，以及调节参与泡沫细胞形成的细胞过程来影响动脉粥样硬化。
近期研究强调了脂联素在脂肪组织稳态以及代谢综合征、2型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的作用。这些多效性作用使其成为肥胖相关疾病有吸引力的治疗靶点。
