Schmitz Randy J, Kulas Anthony S, Perrin David H, Riemann Bryan L, Shultz Sandra J
Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, 250 HHP, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2007 Jul;22(6):681-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.03.001. Epub 2007 May 17.
Females have an increased incident rate of anterior cruciate ligament tears compared to males. Biomechanical strategies to decelerate the body in the vertical direction have been implicated as a contributing cause. This study determined if females would exhibit single leg landing strategies characterized by decreased amounts of hip, knee, and ankle flexion resulting in greater vertical ground reaction forces and altered energy absorption patterns when compared to males.
Recreationally active males (N=14) and females (N=14), completed five single leg landings from a 0.3m height onto a force platform while three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were simultaneously collected.
Compared to males, females exhibited (1) less total hip and knee flexion displacements (40% and 64% of males, respectively, P<0.05) and less time to peak hip and knee flexion (48% and 78% of males, respectively, P<0.05), (2) 9% greater peak vertical ground reaction forces (P<0.05), (3) less total lower body energy absorption (76% of males, P<0.05), and (4) 11% greater relative energy absorption at the ankle (P<0.05).
Females in this study appear to adopt a single leg landing style using less hip and knee flexion, absorbing less total lower body energy with more relative energy at the ankle resulting in a landing style that can be described as stiff. This may potentially cause increased demands on non-contractile components of the lower extremity. Preventative training programs designed to prevent knee injury may benefit from the biomechanical description of sex-specific landing methods demonstrated by females in this study by focusing on the promotion of more reliance on using the contractile components to absorb impact energy during landings.
与男性相比，女性前交叉韧带撕裂的发病率更高。在垂直方向上使身体减速的生物力学策略被认为是一个促成因素。本研究旨在确定与男性相比，女性单腿落地策略是否具有以下特征：髋、膝和踝关节屈曲量减少，导致更大的垂直地面反作用力，并改变能量吸收模式。
14名男性和14名女性休闲运动参与者从0.3米高度单腿落在测力平台上，共完成5次，同时收集三维运动学和动力学数据。
与男性相比，女性表现为：（1）髋和膝关节总屈曲位移较小（分别为男性的40%和64%，P<0.05），达到髋和膝关节最大屈曲的时间较短（分别为男性的48%和78%，P<0.05）；（2）垂直地面反作用力峰值大9%（P<0.05）；（3）下半身总能量吸收较少（为男性的76%，P<0.05）；（4）踝关节相对能量吸收大11%（P<0.05）。
本研究中的女性似乎采用了一种单腿落地方式，髋和膝关节屈曲较少，下半身总能量吸收较少，踝关节相对能量较多，导致落地方式僵硬。这可能会增加下肢非收缩性成分的需求。旨在预防膝关节损伤的预防性训练计划，可借鉴本研究中女性所展示的性别特异性落地方法的生物力学描述，通过着重促进在落地时更多地依靠收缩性成分来吸收冲击能量而获益。
