Roubicek Deborah A, Gutiérrez-Castillo M Eugenia, Sordo Monserrat, Cebrián-García Mariano E, Ostrosky-Wegman Patricia
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
Mutat Res. 2007 Jul 10;631(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.04.001. Epub 2007 Apr 6.
Particulate air pollution is an important environmental health risk. In the present study, we have investigated the ability of chemically characterized water and organic-soluble extracts of PM(10) from two different regions of Mexico City to induce micronuclei in a human epithelial cell line. We also evaluated the association between the chemical characteristics of the PM and its genotoxicity. The airborne particulate samples were collected from an industrial and a residential region; a Hi-Vol air sampler was used to collect PM(10) on glass fiber filters. PM mass was determined by gravimetric analysis of the filters. One section of each PM(10) filter was agitated either with deionized water to extract water-soluble compounds or with dichloromethane to prepare organic-soluble compounds. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by ion and gas chromatography and atomic adsorption spectroscopy. A549-human alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of PM(10) extracts and the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay was performed to measure DNA damage. Even though the industrial region had a higher PM concentration, higher amounts of metals and PAHs were found in the residential area. Both industrial and residential extracts induced a significant concentration-related increase in the micronuclei frequency. The PM(10) water-soluble industrial extract induced significantly more micronuclei than the one of the residential region; inversely, the organic residential extract induced more micronuclei than the one from the industrial region. The association between the induction of micronuclei and the chemical components obtained by the comparative analysis of standardized regression coefficients showed that cadmium and PAHs were significantly associated with micronuclei induction. Data indicate that water-soluble metals and the organic-soluble fraction of PM(10) are both important in the production of micronuclei. Effects observed, point to the risk of PM exposure and shows the need of integrative studies.
颗粒物空气污染是一项重大的环境健康风险。在本研究中，我们调查了来自墨西哥城两个不同区域的经化学表征的PM10水提取物和有机可溶提取物在人上皮细胞系中诱导微核的能力。我们还评估了PM的化学特性与其遗传毒性之间的关联。空气传播颗粒物样本采集自一个工业区和一个居民区；使用高流量空气采样器在玻璃纤维滤膜上采集PM10。通过对滤膜进行重量分析来测定PM质量。将每个PM10滤膜的一部分用去离子水搅拌以提取水溶性化合物，或用二氯甲烷搅拌以制备有机可溶化合物。通过离子色谱、气相色谱和原子吸收光谱法测定提取物的化学成分。将A549人肺泡上皮细胞暴露于不同浓度的PM10提取物中，并进行胞质分裂阻断微核试验以测量DNA损伤。尽管工业区的PM浓度较高，但在居民区发现了更多的金属和多环芳烃。工业区和居民区的提取物均诱导微核频率出现显著的浓度相关增加。PM10水溶性工业提取物诱导的微核显著多于居民区的提取物；相反，居民区的有机提取物诱导的微核多于工业区的提取物。通过标准化回归系数的比较分析得出的微核诱导与化学成分之间的关联表明，镉和多环芳烃与微核诱导显著相关。数据表明，PM10的水溶性金属和有机可溶部分在微核产生中均很重要。观察到的效应表明了PM暴露的风险，并表明需要进行综合研究。
