Carmen John C, Sinai Anthony P
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Mol Microbiol. 2007 May;64(4):904-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05714.x.
The modulation of apoptosis has emerged as an important weapon in the pathogenic arsenal of multiple intracellular protozoan parasites. Cryptosporidium parvum, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Theileria spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. have all been shown to inhibit the apoptotic response of their host cell. While the pathogen mediators responsible for this modulation are unknown, the parasites are interacting with multiple apoptotic regulatory systems to render their host cell refractory to apoptosis during critical phases of intracellular infection, including parasite invasion, establishment and replication. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that the parasite life cycle stage impacts the modulation of apoptosis and possibly parasite differentiation. Dissection of the host-pathogen interactions involved in modulating apoptosis reveals a dynamic and complex interaction that recent studies are beginning to unravel.
细胞凋亡的调控已成为多种细胞内原生动物寄生虫致病武器库中的重要手段。微小隐孢子虫、利什曼原虫属、克氏锥虫、泰勒虫属、刚地弓形虫和疟原虫属均已被证明可抑制其宿主细胞的凋亡反应。虽然负责这种调控的病原体介质尚不清楚，但这些寄生虫正在与多种凋亡调节系统相互作用，以使它们的宿主细胞在细胞内感染的关键阶段（包括寄生虫入侵、定植和复制）对凋亡产生抗性。此外，新出现的证据表明，寄生虫的生命周期阶段会影响细胞凋亡的调控以及可能的寄生虫分化。对参与调控细胞凋亡的宿主 - 病原体相互作用的剖析揭示了一种动态而复杂的相互作用，近期的研究正开始对其进行阐释。
