Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V, Vermund Sten H
Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007 Mar;21(1):241-57, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.005.
Prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has proven effective in reducing HIV infection when treatment is available promptly for symptomatic persons in conditions of an emerging epidemic. Biologically, it is assumed that reduced genital tract inflammation reduces infectiousness for HIV as well as reducing susceptibility in HIV-uninfected persons. Male circumcision has been demonstrated effective in reducing risk for HIV infection in three separate trials from South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda. Global expansion of STI treatment and male circumcision programs are vital tools for control of HIV infection; current evidence is reviewed and research priorities are presented.
在新发疫情情况下,若能及时为出现症状的患者提供治疗,性传播感染(STIs)的预防和控制已被证明在降低艾滋病毒感染方面是有效的。从生物学角度来看,假定减少生殖道炎症可降低艾滋病毒的传染性,并降低未感染艾滋病毒者的易感性。在南非、肯尼亚和乌干达进行的三项独立试验已证明,男性包皮环切术在降低艾滋病毒感染风险方面是有效的。性传播感染治疗和男性包皮环切术项目的全球推广是控制艾滋病毒感染的重要工具;本文对现有证据进行了综述并提出了研究重点。