Holm L E
Department of Cancer Prevention, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Soz Praventivmed. 1991;36(4-5):266-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01359156.
Thyroid cancer is a well documented late effect of exposure to ionizing radiation. The excess risk begins 5-10 years after exposure and continues until at least 40 years after exposure. Females are roughly three times more susceptible to both radiogenic thyroid cancer and to thyroid cancer of other origins than are males. Therefore, relative risk estimates for radiogenic thyroid cancer do not necessarily differ by sex. The excess risk is higher among children exposed prior to five years of age than in those exposed later. The risk for radiogenic cancer following exposure to 131I appears to be lower than that following exposure to high dose-rate external irradiation, and in the Swedish diagnostic study 131I was nearly one fourth as efficient as external X-rays in inducing thyroid cancer. The Swedish data suggest that 131I is substantially less efficient in inducing thyroid cancer than high dose-rate exposures. In that study, however, 95% of the exposed individuals were 20 years or older (mean age 45 years).
甲状腺癌是暴露于电离辐射后一种有充分记录的迟发效应。额外风险在暴露后5至10年开始，并持续到暴露后至少40年。女性对放射性甲状腺癌和其他起源的甲状腺癌的易感性大约是男性的三倍。因此，放射性甲状腺癌的相对风险估计不一定因性别而异。5岁之前暴露的儿童的额外风险高于之后暴露的儿童。暴露于131I后的放射性癌症风险似乎低于高剂量率外照射后的风险，在瑞典的诊断研究中，131I诱发甲状腺癌的效率几乎只有外照射X射线的四分之一。瑞典的数据表明，131I诱发甲状腺癌的效率远低于高剂量率照射。然而，在该研究中，95%的受暴露个体年龄在20岁或以上（平均年龄45岁）。
