Shulman L P, Elias S, Tharapel A T, Li L R, Phillips O P, Simpson J L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38103-2896.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;165(6 Pt 1):1877-80. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90049-w.
Assessing frequency of sister chromatid exchange is a sensitive method of monitoring exposure to clastogens, mutagens, and other substances that induce deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Aware that cigarette smoke is associated with increased sister chromatid exchange in many cell types, we sought to determine whether an in vivo effect of cigarette smoke could be demonstrated by study of sister chromatid exchange in chorionic villus cells. Directly prepared cytotrophoblasts and cultured mesenchymal core cells were analyzed. Mean sister chromatid exchange frequency in cytotrophoblasts from smoking subjects (8.87 sister chromatid exchanges per cell) was significantly greater than in nonsmoking subjects (5.81 sister chromatid exchanges per cell; p less than 0.001); however, no significant difference in cultured mesenchymal core cells was found. Our results demonstrate that maternal exposure to cigarette smoke results in direct placental deoxyribonucleic damage, which in turn could explain deleterious effects of smoking on pregnancy. Increased sister chromatid exchange frequency was observed only in directly prepared cytotrophoblasts, showing the necessity of using this cell type to evaluate the effects of clastogens on placentas.
评估姐妹染色单体交换频率是监测接触断裂剂、诱变剂及其他诱导脱氧核糖核酸损伤物质的一种敏感方法。鉴于香烟烟雾与多种细胞类型中姐妹染色单体交换增加有关，我们试图通过研究绒毛膜绒毛细胞中的姐妹染色单体交换来确定香烟烟雾是否具有体内效应。对直接制备的细胞滋养层细胞和培养的间充质核心细胞进行了分析。吸烟受试者的细胞滋养层细胞中平均姐妹染色单体交换频率（每细胞8.87次姐妹染色单体交换）显著高于非吸烟受试者（每细胞5.81次姐妹染色单体交换；p<0.001）；然而，在培养的间充质核心细胞中未发现显著差异。我们的结果表明，母亲接触香烟烟雾会导致胎盘直接的脱氧核糖核酸损伤，这反过来可以解释吸烟对妊娠的有害影响。仅在直接制备的细胞滋养层细胞中观察到姐妹染色单体交换频率增加，这表明使用这种细胞类型来评估断裂剂对胎盘的影响的必要性。
