Leigh John A, Dodsworth Jeremy A
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7242, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:349-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093409.
A wide range of Bacteria and Archaea sense cellular 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) as an indicator of nitrogen limitation. 2OG sensor proteins are varied, but most of those studied belong to the PII superfamily. Within the PII superfamily, GlnB and GlnK represent a widespread family of homotrimeric proteins (GlnB-K) that bind and respond to 2OG and ATP. In some bacterial phyla, GlnB-K proteins are covalently modified, depending on enzymes that sense cellular glutamine as an indicator of nitrogen sufficiency. GlnB-K proteins are central clearing houses of nitrogen information and bind and modulate a variety of nitrogen assimilation regulators and enzymes. NifI(1) and NifI(2) comprise a second widespread family of PII proteins (NifI) that are heteromultimeric, respond to 2OG and ATP, and bind and regulate dinitrogenase in Euryarchaeota and many Bacteria.
多种细菌和古菌将细胞内的2-氧代戊二酸（2OG）视为氮限制的指标。2OG传感蛋白多种多样，但大多数已研究的蛋白属于PII超家族。在PII超家族中，GlnB和GlnK代表了一类广泛存在的同三聚体蛋白家族（GlnB-K），它们结合2OG和ATP并对其作出反应。在一些细菌门类中，GlnB-K蛋白会进行共价修饰，这取决于那些将细胞内谷氨酰胺视为氮充足指标的酶。GlnB-K蛋白是氮信息的核心交换中心，它们结合并调节多种氮同化调节因子和酶。NifI(1)和NifI(2)构成了PII蛋白的第二个广泛存在的家族（NifI），它们是异源多聚体，对2OG和ATP作出反应，并在广古菌门和许多细菌中结合并调节固氮酶。
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