Jaga Kushik, Dharmani Chandrabhan
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
Rev Environ Health. 2007 Jan-Mar;22(1):57-73. doi: 10.1515/reveh.2007.22.1.57.
The literature on an association between organophosphate (OP) toxicity and depression or suicide is scarce. An interrelation exists among populations exposed to OPs, acute OP toxicity, neurobehavioral effects, depression, suicide, and fatality. Acute OP toxicity is characterized by the cholinergic syndrome with systemic and central nervous system effects. Organophosphate-induced neurobehavioral effects result in depression. A potential risk of depression and suicide exists in farm workers exposed to OPs. The sociodemographics of depression include age, gender, race, geographic region, social factors, economics, psychiatric disorders, medical conditions, and hereditary factors. Suicide is a major consequence of depression, with multiple sociodemographic risk factors. Developing countries have a higher incidence of OP toxicity, with limited information on the prevalence of depression. In these countries, the incidence of suicide is high, affecting more females. Suicide is more prevalent in rural areas, and in farming communities, commonly with ingestion of OPs. In industrialized countries, the incidence of OP toxicity is lower, but the prevalence of depression is higher. Suicide rates are lower in industrialized countries, affecting more males, the urban population, and farming communities. Other lethal methods of suicide, such as hanging, firearms, electrocution, and drug overdose are more common in industrialized countries. A potential risk of depression or suicide certainly exists from OP toxicity, largely depending on the epidemiology or sociodemographics of these disorders. Scientific evidence shows that the association between environmental toxicology and psychiatry has important public health implications.
关于有机磷（OP）毒性与抑郁症或自杀之间关联的文献稀少。接触有机磷的人群、急性有机磷中毒、神经行为影响、抑郁症、自杀和死亡之间存在相互关系。急性有机磷中毒的特征是胆碱能综合征，伴有全身和中枢神经系统影响。有机磷引起的神经行为影响会导致抑郁症。接触有机磷的农场工人存在抑郁症和自杀的潜在风险。抑郁症的社会人口统计学因素包括年龄、性别、种族、地理区域、社会因素、经济状况、精神疾病、医疗状况和遗传因素。自杀是抑郁症的主要后果，存在多种社会人口统计学风险因素。发展中国家有机磷中毒的发病率较高，但关于抑郁症患病率的信息有限。在这些国家，自杀率很高，对女性的影响更大。自杀在农村地区和农业社区更为普遍，常见方式是摄入有机磷。在工业化国家，有机磷中毒的发病率较低，但抑郁症的患病率较高。工业化国家的自杀率较低，对男性、城市人口和农业社区的影响更大。其他致命的自杀方式，如上吊、使用枪支、触电和药物过量，在工业化国家更为常见。有机磷毒性肯定存在导致抑郁症或自杀的潜在风险，这在很大程度上取决于这些疾病的流行病学或社会人口统计学情况。科学证据表明，环境毒理学与精神病学之间的关联具有重要的公共卫生意义。
