McAlister Chryssa N, Murray T Jock, Lakosha Hesham, Maxner Charles E
Halifax Infirmary, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 1796 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3A7.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;91(6):832-5. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2006.113878.
Explosions, man-made and accidental, continue to require improved emergency medical responses. In the 1917 Halifax Explosion, an inordinate number of penetrating eye injuries occurred. A review of their treatment provides insight into a traumatic event with unique ophthalmological importance. Archived personal and government documents relating to the Halifax Explosion were reviewed at the Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Canada, along with a review of current literature. Twelve ophthalmologists treated 592 people with eye injuries and performed 249 enucleations. Sixteen people had both eyes enucleated. Most of the eye injuries were caused by shards of shattered glass. A Blind Relief Fund was established to help treat and rehabilitate the visually impaired. The injured were given pensions through the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which continue to this day. Sympathetic ophthalmia was the feared complication for penetrating eye injuries and a common indication for enucleation in 1917. Even so, the severity and the overwhelming number of eye injuries sustained during the Halifax Explosion made it impossible for lengthy eye-saving procedures to be performed. Enucleation was often the only option.
无论是人为还是意外爆炸，都持续需要改进紧急医疗应对措施。在1917年哈利法克斯爆炸事件中，发生了数量异常多的穿透性眼外伤。对这些眼外伤治疗情况的回顾，能让人深入了解这一具有独特眼科重要性的创伤事件。在加拿大新斯科舍省公共档案馆查阅了与哈利法克斯爆炸事件相关的存档个人和政府文件，并对当前文献进行了回顾。12位眼科医生治疗了592名眼部受伤人员，并实施了249例眼球摘除术。16人双眼被摘除。大多数眼外伤是由破碎玻璃碎片造成的。设立了一个盲人救济基金来帮助治疗和康复视力受损者。伤者通过加拿大安大略省多伦多市的加拿大国家盲人研究所领取抚恤金，这一做法一直延续至今。交感性眼炎是穿透性眼外伤令人担忧的并发症，也是1917年眼球摘除术的常见指征。即便如此，哈利法克斯爆炸事件中眼部受伤的严重程度和数量之多，使得无法进行耗时的保眼手术。眼球摘除术往往是唯一的选择。
