Kirkcaldy Bruce D, Siefen Rainer G, Merbach Martin, Rutow Nadine, Brähler Elmar, Wittig Ulla
Institute for the Study of Occupational and Mental Health, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Psychol Health Med. 2007 May;12(3):364-79. doi: 10.1080/13548500600594130.
General and illness-related locus of control play an immensely important role in the adherence and cooperation of patients in their therapy. Until now, culture-specific aspects of these subjective theories have rarely been investigated. However, in view of the growing proportion of migrants in the German population, they are becoming increasingly significant. In a project supported by the Volkswagenstiftung (Volkswagen Foundation), a total of 607 healthy people were surveyed. The sample includes 307 ethnic German migrants from the successor states of the former Soviet Union (descendents of German origin who had emigrated to Russia during the 18th and 19th centuries) and 300 native Russians in Russia. They were compared with 100 Germans (matched from a previous study). The data were collected using questionnaires entitled "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC)" and "Illness-related Locus of Control". The ethnic German migrants differed from the Russian sample in their health beliefs and attitudes towards medicine. However, in the first 18 months after migration, hardly any changes were observed. Fatalistic factors played only a minor role. Locus of health control was associated with beliefs about recovery from myocardial infarcts and tumours. Socio-demographic variables were of varying significance in the individual cultures. Gender influences on health beliefs were different in the subsamples. The level of education had only a minor influence on health attitudes. For those individuals who were acquainted with an ill person, internal factors in treatment of myocardial infarct and external psychosocial factors in cure of cancer played a larger role.
一般控制源和与疾病相关的控制源在患者治疗的依从性与合作方面发挥着极其重要的作用。到目前为止，这些主观理论中特定文化方面的内容很少被研究。然而，鉴于德国人口中移民比例不断增加，这些内容正变得越来越重要。在大众汽车基金会资助的一个项目中，总共对607名健康人进行了调查。样本包括307名来自前苏联继承国的德裔移民（18和19世纪移民到俄罗斯的德裔后裔）以及300名俄罗斯本土俄罗斯人。他们与100名德国人（从之前的一项研究中匹配而来）进行了比较。数据通过名为“多维健康控制源（MHLC）”和“与疾病相关的控制源”的问卷收集。德裔移民在健康观念和对医学的态度上与俄罗斯样本有所不同。然而，在移民后的前18个月里，几乎没有观察到任何变化。宿命论因素仅起了很小的作用。健康控制源与对心肌梗死和肿瘤康复的信念有关。社会人口统计学变量在不同文化中具有不同程度的重要性。子样本中性别对健康观念的影响各不相同。教育水平对健康态度的影响很小。对于那些认识患病者的个体而言，心肌梗死治疗中的内部因素以及癌症治疗中的外部社会心理因素发挥了更大的作用。
