Arregui Lucía, Rathi Rahul, Zeng Wenxian, Honaramooz Ali, Gomendio Montserrat, Roldan Eduardo R S, Dobrinski Ina
Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania, Kennet Square, PA 19348, USA.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2008 Jun;106(1-2):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.03.026. Epub 2007 Apr 8.
Xenografting of testis tissue from immature males from several mammalian species to immunodeficient mouse hosts results in production of fertilization-competent sperm. However, the efficiency of testis tissue xenografting from adult donors has not been critically evaluated. Testis tissue xenografting from sexually mature animals could provide an option to preserve the genetic material from valuable males when semen for cryopreservation cannot be collected. To assess the potential use of this technique for adult individuals, testes from adult animals of six species (pig, goat, cattle, donkey, horse and rhesus monkey) were ectopically grafted to host mice. Grafts were recovered and analyzed at three time points: less than 12 weeks, between 12 and 24 weeks and more than 24 weeks after grafting. Histological analysis of the grafts revealed effects of species and donor tissue maturity: all grafts from species with greater daily sperm production (pig and goat) were found to have degenerated tubules or grafts were completely degenerated. None of the xenografts from mature adult bull and monkeys contained differentiated spermatogenic cells when examined more than 12 weeks post-grafting but tubules with Sertoli cells only remained. In grafts from a young adult bull, Sertoli cells persisted much longer than with the mature adult grafts. In grafts from a young adult horse, spermatogenesis proceeded to meiosis. In grafts from a young adult donkey and monkey, however, complete spermatogenesis was found in the grafts. These results show that testis tissue grafts from mature adult donors did not support germ cell differentiation but seminiferous tubules with Sertoli cells only survived in some species. The timing and progression of tubular degeneration after grafting of adult testis tissue appear to be related to the intensity of spermatogenesis at the time of grafting. Testis tissue from sub-adult donors survives better as xenograft than tissue from mature adult donors, and complete spermatogenesis can occur albeit with species-specific differences.
将几种哺乳动物物种未成年雄性的睾丸组织移植到免疫缺陷小鼠宿主中可产生具有受精能力的精子。然而，来自成年供体的睾丸组织异种移植效率尚未得到严格评估。当无法采集精液进行冷冻保存时，来自性成熟动物的睾丸组织异种移植可为保存有价值雄性的遗传物质提供一种选择。为了评估该技术对成年个体的潜在用途，将六个物种（猪、山羊、牛、驴、马和恒河猴）成年动物的睾丸异位移植到宿主小鼠体内。在移植后的三个时间点回收并分析移植物：移植后不到12周、12至24周之间以及超过24周。对移植物的组织学分析揭示了物种和供体组织成熟度的影响：发现所有来自每日精子产量较高物种（猪和山羊）的移植物都有肾小管退化或移植物完全退化。移植后超过12周检查时，来自成年公牛和猴子的异种移植物均未含有分化的生精细胞，仅保留了含有支持细胞的肾小管。在来自年轻成年公牛的移植物中，支持细胞持续的时间比成年成熟移植物长得多。在来自年轻成年马的移植物中，精子发生进入减数分裂阶段。然而，在来自年轻成年驴和猴子的移植物中，发现移植物中有完全的精子发生。这些结果表明，来自成年成熟供体的睾丸组织移植物不支持生殖细胞分化，但仅含有支持细胞的生精小管在某些物种中存活了下来。成年睾丸组织移植后肾小管退化的时间和进程似乎与移植时精子发生的强度有关。来自未成年供体的睾丸组织作为异种移植物比来自成年成熟供体的组织存活得更好，并且尽管存在物种特异性差异，但仍可发生完全的精子发生。
