Zaraĭskiĭ A G
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2007 Mar-Apr;41(2):200-15.
Neural differentiation is specified for the first time during vertebrate's development in a part of cells of the embryonic ectoderm under the influence of signals emanating from neighboring tissues: the phenomenon of neural induction. As it was established more then 10 years ago by experiments with the Xenopus embryos, the inhibition of BMP signaling cascade in precocious of neural cells plays the main role in this phenomenon. As a result, the epidermal differentiation program is blocked in these cells, and instead the neural program appears to be activated in them on default. This so-called the default model of neural induction was also confirmed by experiments in other organisms. At the same time, an important role of FGF and Wnt signaling cascades in modulation of BMP cascade during neural induction was recently established. Identification and investigation of many novel proteins involved in the process of neural induction allows one to come back at the novel level, namely at the level of mathematical modeling, to one of the basic challenge of developmental biology: the problem of spatial patterning of cell differentiation during embryogenesis.
在脊椎动物发育过程中，胚胎外胚层的一部分细胞首次在邻近组织发出的信号影响下发生神经分化：即神经诱导现象。正如10多年前通过非洲爪蟾胚胎实验所证实的那样，神经细胞早熟时BMP信号级联的抑制在这一现象中起主要作用。结果，这些细胞中的表皮分化程序被阻断，取而代之的是神经程序似乎默认被激活。这种所谓的神经诱导默认模型也在其他生物体的实验中得到了证实。与此同时，最近发现FGF和Wnt信号级联在神经诱导过程中对BMP级联的调节中起重要作用。对许多参与神经诱导过程的新蛋白质的鉴定和研究，使人们能够在一个新的层面，即数学建模层面，重新审视发育生物学的一个基本挑战：胚胎发生过程中细胞分化的空间模式问题。
