Kamenskiĭ P A, Vinogradova E N, Krasheninnikov I A, Tarasov I A
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2007 Mar-Apr;41(2):216-33.
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles of eukaryotic cells that provide the energy for the cells by oxidative phosphorylation, play an important role in the apoptosis and take part in Fe-S clusters formation, fatty acids oxidation and synthesis of some aminoacids. They contain their own genome and are able to transcribe and to translate it. However, the vast majority of the macromolecules which function inside the mitochondria are imported into these organelles from the cytoplasm. The imported macromolecules include proteins and several types of small RNAs. Protein import is a universal process and its mechanism is conserved among all species. This mechanism is now known in detail. RNA import was shown to occur in several groups of eukaryotes, while the pool of imported RNA molecules varies in different organisms. Although the knowledge about the mechanisms of RNA import is less extensive than for the proteins, it becomes clear that these mechanisms are not universal among all the species possessing this pathway. In this review, we summarize the data about the import of macromolecules mentioned above into mitochondria.
线粒体是真核细胞的多功能细胞器，通过氧化磷酸化作用为细胞提供能量，在细胞凋亡中起重要作用，并参与铁硫簇的形成、脂肪酸氧化以及某些氨基酸的合成。它们含有自己的基因组，能够进行转录和翻译。然而，在线粒体内发挥功能的绝大多数大分子是从细胞质中导入这些细胞器的。导入的大分子包括蛋白质和几种类型的小RNA。蛋白质导入是一个普遍的过程，其机制在所有物种中都是保守的。现在已经详细了解了这一机制。RNA导入已在几类真核生物中被证明会发生，而导入的RNA分子库在不同生物体中有所不同。尽管关于RNA导入机制的知识不如蛋白质的广泛，但很明显，这些机制在所有具有该途径的物种中并非普遍存在。在这篇综述中，我们总结了上述大分子导入线粒体的数据。
