Biologic therapy and immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer remains an attractive model for evaluation of biologic and immunologic therapies due to the availability of multiple reagents, the development of preclinical murine models, and the intraperitoneal pattern of clinical disease. Recent studies have focused on conjugated monoclonal antibodies, including radioconjugates, immunotoxins, and bispecific antibodies. Other preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted with recombinant cytokines and adoptive cellular immunotherapy for small-volume residual disease. Dose-limiting clinical toxicities have emerged with many of these approaches in the absence of frequent antitumor responses, and new strategies will be required to develop effective therapies in the future.