Aspects of spatio-temporal variability during consonant production by Greek speakers with hearing impairment.

This paper investigates spatio-temporal variability during the production of the lingual consonants /t, k, s, x, n, l, 50% shaded block/ by four Greek speakers with profound hearing impairment and with differences in the intelligibility of their speech. It examines important factors that have been documented to influence intelligibility, i.e. durational variability, articulatory (token-to-token) variability, and coarticulatory patterns. The technique of electropalatography was used to record tongue-palate contact patterns during consonant production in order to examine differences in articulatory variability among speakers and in V-to-C coarticulatory effects. The study reports durational differences in consonant production between speakers with hearing impairment and normal hearing and investigates the relationship between token-to-token variability in tongue-palate contact patterns and duration. The results indicate a negative relationship between duration and variability, i.e. as segmental duration decreases there is an increase in variability in tongue-palate contact patterns. Significant speaker-dependent differences in duration, articulatory variability and coarticulatory patterns are reported and are discussed in relation to differences in intelligibility among the speakers with hearing impairment.