Eysenck Michael W, Derakshan Nazanin, Santos Rita, Calvo Manuel G
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):336-53. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336.
Attentional control theory is an approach to anxiety and cognition representing a major development of Eysenck and Calvo's (1992) processing efficiency theory. It is assumed that anxiety impairs efficient functioning of the goal-directed attentional system and increases the extent to which processing is influenced by the stimulus-driven attentional system. In addition to decreasing attentional control, anxiety increases attention to threat-related stimuli. Adverse effects of anxiety on processing efficiency depend on two central executive functions involving attentional control: inhibition and shifting. However, anxiety may not impair performance effectiveness (quality of performance) when it leads to the use of compensatory strategies (e.g., enhanced effort; increased use of processing resources). Directions for future research are discussed.
注意控制理论是一种关于焦虑与认知的研究方法，它是艾森克和卡尔沃（1992）的加工效率理论的一个主要发展。该理论假定，焦虑会损害目标导向注意系统的有效运作，并增加加工过程受刺激驱动注意系统影响的程度。除了降低注意控制外，焦虑还会增加对威胁相关刺激的注意。焦虑对加工效率的负面影响取决于涉及注意控制的两种中央执行功能：抑制和转换。然而，当焦虑导致使用补偿策略（如增强努力；增加加工资源的使用）时，它可能不会损害绩效有效性（绩效质量）。文中还讨论了未来的研究方向。
