da Silva D C, Santos G T, Branco A F, Damasceno J C, Kazama R, Matsushita M, Horst J A, dos Santos W B R, Petit H V
Departamento de Zootecnia, and.
J Dairy Sci. 2007 Jun;90(6):2928-36. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-573.
Eight multiparous Holstein cows averaging 570 +/- 43 kg of body weight and 60 +/- 20 d in milk were used in a double Latin square design with four 21-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% on a dry matter basis) on milk production and composition, feed intake, digestion, blood composition, and fatty acid profile of milk. Intake of dry matter was similar among treatments. Cows fed whole flaxseed had higher digestibility of acid detergent fiber but lower digestibilities of crude protein and ether extract than those fed ground flaxseed; monensin had no effect on digestibility. Milk production tended to be greater for cows fed ground flaxseed (22.8 kg/d) compared with those fed whole flaxseed (21.4 kg/d). Processing of flax-seed had no effect on 4% fat-corrected milk yield and milk protein and lactose concentrations. Monensin supplementation had no effect on milk production but decreased 4% fat-corrected milk yield as a result of a decrease in milk fat concentration. Feeding ground compared with whole flaxseed decreased concentrations of 16:0, 17:0, and cis6-20:4 and increased those of cis6-18:2, cis9, trans11-18:2, and cis3-18:3 in milk fat. As a result, there was a decrease in concentrations of medium-chain and saturated fatty acids and a trend for higher concentrations of long-chain fatty acids in milk fat when feeding ground compared with whole flaxseed. Monensin supplementation increased concentrations of cis9 and trans11-18:2 and decreased concentrations of saturated fatty acids in milk fat. There was an interaction between flaxseed processing and monensin supplementation, with higher milk fat concentration of trans11-18:1 for cows fed ground flaxseed with monensin than for those fed the other diets. Flaxseed processing and monensin supplementation successfully modified the fatty acid composition of milk fat that might favor nutritional value for consumers.
选用8头经产荷斯坦奶牛，平均体重570±43千克，产奶60±20天，采用双拉丁方设计，进行4个21天的试验期，以确定饲喂粉碎或整粒亚麻籽并添加或不添加莫能菌素（干物质基础上0.02%）对牛奶产量和成分、采食量、消化率、血液成分以及牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响。各处理间干物质摄入量相似。饲喂整粒亚麻籽的奶牛酸性洗涤纤维消化率较高，但粗蛋白和乙醚提取物消化率低于饲喂粉碎亚麻籽的奶牛；莫能菌素对消化率无影响。与饲喂整粒亚麻籽（21.4千克/天）的奶牛相比，饲喂粉碎亚麻籽的奶牛产奶量有增加趋势（22.8千克/天）。亚麻籽加工对4%乳脂校正乳产量以及乳蛋白和乳糖浓度无影响。添加莫能菌素对产奶量无影响，但由于乳脂浓度降低，4%乳脂校正乳产量下降。与整粒亚麻籽相比，饲喂粉碎亚麻籽可降低牛奶脂肪中16:0、17:0和cis6-20:4的浓度，并增加cis6-18:2、cis9,trans11-18:2和cis3-18:3的浓度。因此，与整粒亚麻籽相比，饲喂粉碎亚麻籽时牛奶脂肪中中链和饱和脂肪酸浓度降低，长链脂肪酸浓度有升高趋势。添加莫能菌素可增加牛奶脂肪中cis9和trans11-18:2的浓度，并降低饱和脂肪酸浓度。亚麻籽加工和莫能菌素添加之间存在交互作用，饲喂添加莫能菌素的粉碎亚麻籽的奶牛，其牛奶脂肪中trans11-18:1的浓度高于其他日粮处理的奶牛。亚麻籽加工和莫能菌素添加成功改变了牛奶脂肪的脂肪酸组成，这可能有利于提高消费者的营养价值。
