Máthé Imre, Hohmann Judit, Janicsák Gábor, Nagy Gábor, Dora Rédei
Szegedi Tudományegyetem Farmakognóziai Intézet, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6.-6720.
Acta Pharm Hung. 2007;77(1):37-45.
Comparative studies on the volatile and non-volatile fractions of 6 species. i.e. Salvia officinalis, S. tomentosa, S. fruticosa, S. candelabrum, S. ringens, S. lavandulifolia of the Section Salvia (Lamiaceae) have been carried out. Both fractions provide the chemical pattern matches to the chemotaxonomic character of Subfamily Nepetoideae in Erdtmanr two subfamiliar system. S. lavandulifolia had the highest essential oil content, followed by S. fruticosa, S. tomentosa, S. officinalis and S. candelabrum. S. ringens contains volatile oil only in traces. The neurotoxin thujone content was the highest in the S. officinalis oils and in that of S. fruticosa. No thujone was detected in S. lavandulifolia. The other species, e.g.: S. tomentosa contain this compound only in moderate concentrations (less than 10%). Among the non-volatile fractions of the plant ingredients the triterpene ursolic and oleanolic acids had the highest concentration in the leaves. Despite some rare cases, ursolic acid dominates the tritepene fraction. Rosmarinic and caffeic acids were measured in similar concentrations, in all species. As the case of S. officinalis shows, these compounds vary significantly in all organs during the vegetation period. Caffeic acid is also ubiquitous in the genus Salvia but as our data suggest it occurs in an order of magnitude lower concentration than rosmarinic acid. The isolation of phenylethanolid martynoside, though obtained in a rather small concentration, is of great chemotaxonomic significance, as this is the first phenylethanolid type glycoside isolated not only from the Salvia genus but also from the entire Subfamily Nepetoideae. As pheylethanolids are rather common and accumulate in significant concentrations in plants of the Subfamily Lamioideae, our opinion that the chemical differences between the two subfamilies are less qualititative than quantitative, is confirmed. This holds true of other chemical markers like monoterpenes, ursolic and oleanolic acids, caffeic acid and now phenylethanolids. Diterpenes i.e. 7-methyl carnosoate, rosmanol 7- methylether, sageon from S. officinalis, 7alpha-acetoyroyleanone, 7alpha-hydroxyroyleanone, royleanone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone from S. tomentosa and candesalvoquinone, candelabroquinone, 12-O-methylcandesalvone, candesalvone B methyl ester and candelabrone have been isolated from Salvia candelabrum. All of the compounds belong to the abietane type of diterpenoids and have pronounced antioxidant effect.
对唇形科鼠尾草属6个物种，即药用鼠尾草、绒毛鼠尾草、灌木鼠尾草、烛台鼠尾草、轮叶鼠尾草、薰衣草叶鼠尾草的挥发性成分和非挥发性成分进行了比较研究。在厄尔德曼的二亚科系统中，这两种成分的化学模式均与荆芥亚科的化学分类特征相匹配。薰衣草叶鼠尾草的精油含量最高，其次是灌木鼠尾草、绒毛鼠尾草、药用鼠尾草和烛台鼠尾草。轮叶鼠尾草仅含有微量挥发油。药用鼠尾草和灌木鼠尾草的油中神经毒素侧柏酮含量最高。在薰衣草叶鼠尾草中未检测到侧柏酮。其他物种，如绒毛鼠尾草，仅含有中等浓度（低于10%）的这种化合物。在植物成分的非挥发性成分中，三萜类熊果酸和齐墩果酸在叶片中的浓度最高。尽管有一些罕见情况，但熊果酸在三萜类成分中占主导地位。迷迭香酸和咖啡酸在所有物种中的含量相近。如药用鼠尾草的情况所示，这些化合物在生长季节的所有器官中差异显著。咖啡酸在鼠尾草属中也普遍存在，但根据我们的数据，其浓度比迷迭香酸低一个数量级。苯乙醇苷类马蒂诺苷的分离，尽管得到的浓度相当低，但具有重要的化学分类学意义，因为这是首次不仅从鼠尾草属，而且从整个荆芥亚科中分离出的苯乙醇苷类糖苷。由于苯乙醇苷类相当常见且在唇形亚科植物中大量积累，我们认为两个亚科之间的化学差异与其说是定性的，不如说是定量的这一观点得到了证实。单萜类、熊果酸和齐墩果酸、咖啡酸以及现在的苯乙醇苷类等其他化学标记物也是如此。已从烛台鼠尾草中分离出二萜类化合物，即7-甲基肉豆蔻酸酯、迷迭香醇7-甲醚、药用鼠尾草中的鼠尾草酮、7α-乙酰基罗勒烯酮、7α-羟基罗勒烯酮、罗勒烯酮、绒毛鼠尾草中的6,7-脱氢罗勒烯酮以及烛台鼠尾草醌、烛台二醌、12-O-甲基烛台鼠尾草酮、烛台鼠尾草酮B甲酯和烛台鼠尾草酮。所有这些化合物都属于松香烷型二萜类，具有显著的抗氧化作用。
