Spillman Monique A, Sade Robert M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver,Colorado, USA.
J Law Med Ethics. 2007 Summer;35(2):265-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00135.x.
Xenotransplantation pits clinical research ethics against public health needs because recipients must undergo long-term, perhaps life-long, surveillance for infectious diseases. This surveillance requirement is effectively an abrogation of the right to withdraw from a clinical trial. Ulysses contracts, which are advance directives for future care, may be an ethical mechanism by which to balance public health needs against limitation of individual rights.
异种移植使临床研究伦理与公共卫生需求产生了冲突，因为接受者必须接受针对传染病的长期（甚至可能是终身）监测。这种监测要求实际上是对退出临床试验权利的一种废除。尤利西斯契约作为未来医疗的预先指示，可能是一种在公共卫生需求与个人权利限制之间取得平衡的伦理机制。
