Mackintosh Carolyn
Division of Nursing, University of Bradford, Unity Building, Trinity Road, Bradford, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jun;16(6):1134-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01595.x.
To explore the reasons and motivation identified by qualified nurses for working within the surgical area.
Little is known about the career decisions qualified nurses make, although it is clear that some areas of practice are more popular than others. This qualitative descriptive study considers one common area, surgery, and explores the motivation for decisions made by Registered Nurses (RNs) to work in this area.
A sample of 16 RNs working within surgical areas participated in semi-structured interviews, using a thematic interview schedule. Findings were analysed using the framework suggested by Morse and Field.
Analysis of findings indicates that all participants actively chose to work within surgery and that this was because of the pace and turnover of surgical work, personal satisfaction at the recovery of patients; the close links between this type of work; and participants' original aims when first entering nursing and participants' preference of surgery to other areas of nursing work. Participants actively rejected working in areas where patients were likely to suffer from chronic long-term conditions where recovery was unlikely and felt that these areas were likely to be depressing and unrewarding.
These findings suggest that participants actively chose to work with 'healthy' patients in preference to those who may be considered 'ill', and this is closely linked to the identified need of participants to be able to 'make patients better'. Participants were reluctant to work in areas where they would be unlikely to achieve this aim.
The reluctance of surgical nurses to work with patients who were considered 'ill', in preference to 'healthy' patients must be acknowledged. Findings reflect different professional perspectives on the purpose of nursing work and suggest that qualified staff choose their clinical specialism based on their own personal sense of professional purpose, with consequent implications for both the recruitment and retention of qualified staff.
探讨注册护士选择在外科领域工作的原因和动机。
尽管很明显某些执业领域比其他领域更受欢迎，但对于注册护士所做的职业决策却知之甚少。这项定性描述性研究关注一个常见领域——外科，并探讨注册护士决定在该领域工作的动机。
采用主题访谈提纲，对16名在外科领域工作的注册护士进行了半结构化访谈。研究结果采用莫尔斯和菲尔德建议的框架进行分析。
研究结果分析表明，所有参与者都积极选择在外科工作，这是因为外科工作的节奏和周转率、对患者康复的个人满足感、这类工作之间的紧密联系，以及参与者最初进入护理行业时的目标，还有参与者对外科工作相较于其他护理工作领域的偏好。参与者主动拒绝在患者可能患有慢性长期疾病且康复无望的领域工作，认为这些领域可能令人沮丧且没有回报。
这些研究结果表明，参与者积极选择与“健康”患者而非那些可能被视为“患病”的患者一起工作，这与参与者明确需要能够“让患者好转”密切相关。参与者不愿在不太可能实现这一目标的领域工作。
必须认识到外科护士不愿与被视为“患病”的患者而非“健康”患者一起工作。研究结果反映了对护理工作目的的不同专业观点，并表明注册护士根据自己的个人职业目标感选择临床专业领域，这对注册护士的招聘和留用都有相应影响。
