Mifflin Steve
Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, MC 7764, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2007 Jun;9(3):236-41. doi: 10.1007/s11906-007-0042-2.
The brainstem contains the necessary circuitry for the maintenance and regulation of arterial blood pressure. It has become increasingly clear in the past few years that the characteristics of the neurons that constitute these circuits are not static, but can be altered in the face of chronic changes in physiological state. Alterations in voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels have been reported in neurons located within the nucleus of the solitary tract and the nucleus ambiguus in response to hypertension and exposures to hypoxia and environmental pollutants (eg, ozone and cigarette smoke). A discussion of these neuronal adaptations, the mechanisms that might initiate and sustain the adaptations, and their potential significance is the focus of this brief review.
脑干包含维持和调节动脉血压所需的神经回路。在过去几年中越来越清楚的是，构成这些回路的神经元的特性并非一成不变，而是会在生理状态发生慢性变化时发生改变。据报道，在高血压、暴露于低氧环境和环境污染物（如臭氧和香烟烟雾）的情况下，位于孤束核和疑核内的神经元中，电压门控离子通道和配体门控离子通道会发生改变。本文简要综述的重点是讨论这些神经元适应性变化、可能启动和维持这些适应性变化的机制及其潜在意义。
