Mauck Christine K, Doncel Gustavo F
CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
Contraception. 2007 Jun;75(6):407-19. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.02.007. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
Biomarkers of vaginal exposure to semen, long used in forensic medicine, are now becoming important in the development of vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV/STIs and the development of contraceptives. Semen biomarkers could help evaluate the safety of a new physical or chemical barrier, give preliminary indication of the effectiveness of physical barriers such as diaphragms or condoms, and provide information on unprotected intercourse among participants in a clinical trial who have been advised to use condoms. Candidate biomarkers of semen exposure fall into two broad categories: (1) biomarkers of seminal plasma, among which prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the best characterized; and (2) biomarkers of spermatozoa and other cells present in semen. This paper, authored by a working group of investigators performing research in the field of semen biomarkers, summarizes the characteristics of an ideal semen biomarker, reviews preclinical and clinical data on existing and potential biomarkers, and outlines the steps that should be carried out to develop an improved biomarker of semen exposure.
长期以来用于法医学的阴道接触精液生物标志物，如今在预防艾滋病毒/性传播感染的阴道杀微生物剂研发以及避孕药具研发中变得愈发重要。精液生物标志物有助于评估新型物理或化学屏障的安全性，初步显示诸如子宫帽或避孕套等物理屏障的有效性，并为临床试验中被建议使用避孕套的参与者之间的无保护性交提供信息。精液接触的候选生物标志物大致可分为两类：（1）精浆生物标志物，其中前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的特征最为明确；（2）精液中存在的精子和其他细胞的生物标志物。本文由在精液生物标志物领域开展研究的一组调查人员撰写，总结了理想精液生物标志物的特征，回顾了现有及潜在生物标志物的临床前和临床数据，并概述了开发改进的精液接触生物标志物应采取的步骤。
