Fioretto Emerson Ticona, de Abreu Rogério Navarro, Castro Marcelo Fernandes de Souza, Guidi Wanderley Lima, Ribeiro Antonio Augusto Coppi Maciel
Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cells Tissues Organs. 2007;186(2):129-40. doi: 10.1159/000103015. Epub 2007 May 21.
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provides sympathetic input to the head and neck, its relation with mandible, submandibular glands, eyes (second and third order control) and pineal gland being demonstrated in laboratory animals. In addition, the SCG's role in some neuropathies can be clearly seen in Horner's syndrome. In spite of several studies published involving rats and mice, there is little morphological descriptive and comparative data of SCG from large mammals. Thus, we investigated the SCG's macro- and microstructural organization in medium (dogs and cats) and large animals (horses) during a very specific period of the post-natal development, namely maturation (from young to adults). The SCG of dogs, cats and horses were spindle shaped and located deeply into the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to the distal vagus ganglion and more related to the internal carotid artery in dogs and horses, and to the occipital artery in cats. As to macromorphometrical data, that is ganglion length, there was a 23.6% increase from young to adult dogs, a 1.8% increase from young to adult cats and finally a 34% increase from young to adult horses. Histologically, the SCG's microstructure was quite similar between young and adult animals and among the 3 species. The SCG was divided into distinct compartments (ganglion units) by capsular septa of connective tissue. Inside each ganglion unit the most prominent cellular elements were ganglion neurons, glial cells and small intensely fluorescent cells, comprising the ganglion's morphological triad. Given this morphological arrangement, that is a summation of all ganglion units, SCG from dogs, cats and horses are better characterized as a ganglion complex rather than following the classical ganglion concept. During maturation (from young to adults) there was a 32.7% increase in the SCG's connective capsule in dogs, a 25.8% increase in cats and a 33.2% increase in horses. There was an age-related increase in the neuronal profile size in the SCG from young to adult animals, that is a 1.6-fold, 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold increase in dogs, cats and horses, respectively. On the other hand, there was an age-related decrease in the nuclear profile size of SCG neurons from young to adult animals (0.9-fold, 0.7-fold and 0.8-fold in dogs, cats and horses, respectively). Ganglion connective capsule is composed of 2 or 3 layers of collagen fibres in juxtaposition and, as observed in light microscopy and independently of the animal's age, ganglion neurons were organised in ganglionic units containing the same morphological triad seen in light microscopy.
颈上神经节（SCG）为头颈部提供交感神经输入，在实验动物中已证实其与下颌骨、下颌下腺、眼睛（二级和三级控制）以及松果体的关系。此外，颈上神经节在某些神经病变中的作用在霍纳综合征中可清晰显现。尽管已发表了多项涉及大鼠和小鼠的研究，但关于大型哺乳动物颈上神经节的形态学描述性和比较性数据却很少。因此，我们研究了中型动物（狗和猫）和大型动物（马）在出生后一个非常特定的发育阶段，即成熟阶段（从幼年到成年）颈上神经节的宏观和微观结构组织。狗、猫和马的颈上神经节呈纺锤形，深深位于颈总动脉分叉处，靠近迷走神经远节，在狗和马中与颈内动脉关系更密切，在猫中与枕动脉关系更密切。关于宏观形态学数据，即神经节长度，从幼年到成年狗增加了23.6%，从幼年到成年猫增加了1.8%，最后从幼年到成年马增加了34%。组织学上，幼年和成年动物以及这3个物种之间颈上神经节的微观结构非常相似。颈上神经节被结缔组织的包膜隔分成不同的隔室（神经节单位）。在每个神经节单位内，最突出的细胞成分是神经节神经元、神经胶质细胞和小而强荧光细胞，构成了神经节的形态三联体。鉴于这种形态学排列，即所有神经节单位的总和，狗、猫和马颈上神经节更适合被描述为神经节复合体，而不是遵循经典的神经节概念。在成熟阶段（从幼年到成年），狗的颈上神经节结缔组织包膜增加了32.7%，猫增加了25.8%，马增加了33.2%。从幼年到成年动物，颈上神经节中神经元轮廓大小随年龄增长而增加，即狗、猫和马分别增加了1.6倍、1.9倍和1.6倍。另一方面，从幼年到成年动物，颈上神经节神经元核轮廓大小随年龄增长而减小（狗、猫和马分别为0.9倍、0.7倍和0.8倍）。神经节结缔组织包膜由2或3层并列的胶原纤维组成，并且如在光学显微镜下观察到的，与动物年龄无关，神经节神经元以包含在光学显微镜下所见相同形态三联体的神经节单位形式排列。
