Boisvert François-Michel, van Koningsbruggen Silvana, Navascués Joaquín, Lamond Angus I
Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jul;8(7):574-85. doi: 10.1038/nrm2184.
The nucleolus is a distinct subnuclear compartment that was first observed more than 200 years ago. Nucleoli assemble around the tandemly repeated ribosomal DNA gene clusters and 28S, 18S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed as a single precursor, which is processed and assembled with the 5S rRNA into ribosome subunits. Although the nucleolus is primarily associated with ribosome biogenesis, several lines of evidence now show that it has additional functions. Some of these functions, such as regulation of mitosis, cell-cycle progression and proliferation, many forms of stress response and biogenesis of multiple ribonucleoprotein particles, will be discussed, as will the relation of the nucleolus to human diseases.
核仁是一个独特的亚核区室，200多年前首次被观察到。核仁围绕串联重复的核糖体DNA基因簇组装，28S、18S和5.8S核糖体RNA（rRNA）作为一个单一前体被转录，该前体经过加工后与5S rRNA组装成核糖体亚基。虽然核仁主要与核糖体生物发生相关，但现在有几条证据表明它还有其他功能。将讨论其中一些功能，如对有丝分裂、细胞周期进程和增殖的调节，多种形式的应激反应以及多种核糖核蛋白颗粒的生物发生，还将讨论核仁与人类疾病的关系。
