Heinz Adrienne, Epstein David H, Preston Kenzie L
Clinical Pharmacology and Treatment Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2007 Mar;39(1):41-9. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2007.10399863.
Although spirituality is an integral component of some of the most popular approaches to substance abuse treatment, there is little empirical evidence for a causal relationship between spirituality and treatment success. In the present study, 169 (121 male) opiate- or cocaine-abusing treatment seekers completed the Index of Spiritual Experience (INSPIRIT), a questionnaire that assesses both spirituality and religiosity. Responses were analyzed in terms of demographic variables and in-treatment outcome, which was determined by treatment retention and drug screens from observed biweekly urine collections. Religious/spiritual beliefs were common in these participants and were associated with in-treatment outcome: total INSPIRIT score was weakly correlated (r = .16, p < .04) with number of subsequent cocaine-negative urines, and participants reporting that they frequently spent time on religious/spiritual activities showed significantly better outcomes in terms of subsequent drug use and treatment retention. Women and African Americans were more likely than men and non-African Americans to report religious and spiritual beliefs or experiences on several individual items, and African Americans had higher INSPIRIT scores than Caucasians. The results suggest that spiritual and religious experience plays a role in substance abuse recovery and that demographic characteristics should be considered in the design of spiritually oriented behavioral interventions for addiction.
尽管灵性是一些最流行的药物滥用治疗方法中不可或缺的组成部分，但几乎没有实证证据表明灵性与治疗成功之间存在因果关系。在本研究中，169名（121名男性）寻求阿片类或可卡因滥用治疗的人完成了灵性体验指数（INSPIRIT），这是一份评估灵性和宗教信仰的问卷。根据人口统计学变量和治疗结果对回答进行了分析，治疗结果由治疗保留率和从每两周观察一次的尿液收集进行的药物筛查确定。宗教/灵性信仰在这些参与者中很常见，并且与治疗结果相关：INSPIRIT总分与随后可卡因阴性尿液的数量呈弱相关（r = 0.16，p < 0.04），报告经常花时间进行宗教/灵性活动的参与者在随后的药物使用和治疗保留方面表现出明显更好的结果。女性和非裔美国人比男性和非非裔美国人更有可能在几个单独项目上报告宗教和灵性信仰或经历，并且非裔美国人的INSPIRIT得分高于白种人。结果表明，灵性和宗教体验在药物滥用康复中起作用，并且在设计针对成瘾的以灵性为导向的行为干预措施时应考虑人口统计学特征。
