Ahmadi Seyed Hamid, Sedghamiz Abbas
Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, P.O. Box 73415-111, Zarghan, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Mar;138(1-3):357-68. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9803-2. Epub 2007 May 25.
Groundwater and water resources management play a key role in conserving the sustainable conditions in arid and semi-arid regions. Applying some techniques that can reveal the critical and hot conditions of water resources seem necessary. In this study, kriging and cokriging methods were evaluated for mapping the groundwater depth across a plain in which has experienced different climatic conditions (dry, wet, and normal) and consequently high variations in groundwater depth in a 12 year led in maximum, minimum, and mean depths. During this period groundwater depth has considerable fluctuations. Results obtained from geostatistical analysis showed that groundwater depth varies spatially in different climatic conditions. Furthermore, the calculated RMSE showed that cokriging approach was more accurate than kriging in mapping the groundwater depth though there was not a distinct difference. As a whole, kriging underestimated the real groundwater depth for dry, wet, and normal conditions by 5.5, 2.2, and 5.3%, while cokriging underestimations were 3.3, 2, and 2.2%, respectively; which showed the unbiasedness in estimations. Results implied that in the study area farming and cultivation in dry conditions needs more attention due to higher variability in groundwater depth in short distances compared to the other climate conditions. It is believed that geostatistical approaches are reliable tools for water resources managers and water authorities to allocate groundwater resources in different environmental conditions.
地下水与水资源管理在干旱和半干旱地区保护可持续条件方面发挥着关键作用。应用一些能够揭示水资源关键和热点状况的技术似乎很有必要。在本研究中，对克里金法和协同克里金法进行了评估，以绘制某一平原的地下水深度图，该平原经历了不同的气候条件（干旱、湿润和正常），因此在12年期间，地下水深度在最大、最小和平均深度方面存在很大变化。在此期间，地下水深度有相当大的波动。地质统计分析结果表明，在不同气候条件下，地下水深度存在空间变化。此外，计算得出的均方根误差表明，尽管差异不明显，但协同克里金法在绘制地下水深度图方面比克里金法更准确。总体而言，克里金法在干旱、湿润和正常条件下对实际地下水深度的低估分别为5.5%、2.2%和5.3%，而协同克里金法的低估分别为3.3%、2%和2.2%；这表明估计具有无偏性。结果表明，在研究区域，与其他气候条件相比，干旱条件下的农业和耕种需要更多关注，因为短距离内地下水深度变化更大。据信，地质统计方法是水资源管理者和水管理部门在不同环境条件下分配地下水资源的可靠工具。
