Corbellini Gilberto
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Storia della Medicina, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza, Roma, I.
Med Secoli. 2006;18(1):75-95.
The historiography of malaria in Italy--from the discoveries of the parasite and its specific mosquito vector to the eradication of the plasmodia--has characterized the evolution of Italian malariology and antimalarial strategies as a rationally planned enterprise. The received view is that the essential scientific contributions and the effective approaches which ultimately allowed the defeat of the disease were produced thanks to the unitary effort of an efficient and influential community of investigators. Even though the outstanding and international standard of Italian malariologists individually taken cannot be downplayed, a more thorough exploitation of archival sources shows that the history of the Italian malariological community was also characterized by theoretical, academic and personal rivalries, influencing the evolution of malariology and the institutional debate on antimalarial strategies. The aim of this paper is to examine the reasons and the implications--in different periods and institutional dimensions of the antimalarial activitie--of personal and institutional disputes within two generations of Italian malariologists. The reconstruction of the origins and of the content of persistent scientific and institutional controversies within the Italian malariological community does not diminish the value of the Italian experience in the field of malariology and the antimalarial activities. On the contrary, it contributes to a less triumphalistic, but more realistic and dynamic view the conquest of Italian malaria.
意大利疟疾研究的历史——从疟原虫及其特定蚊媒的发现到疟原虫的根除——将意大利疟疾学的发展以及抗疟策略描绘成一项经过合理规划的事业。普遍的观点认为，最终使这种疾病被战胜的重要科学贡献和有效方法，是由于一个高效且有影响力的研究群体的共同努力。尽管意大利疟疾学家个人所达到的卓越国际水准不容小觑，但对档案资料更深入的挖掘表明，意大利疟疾学界的历史也存在理论、学术和个人之间的竞争，这些竞争影响着疟疾学的发展以及关于抗疟策略的机构性辩论。本文旨在探讨两代意大利疟疾学家个人及机构争端在不同时期和抗疟活动机构层面的原因及影响。对意大利疟疾学界持续存在且反复出现及机构性争议的起源和内容的重构，并不会削弱意大利在疟疾学领域及抗疟活动方面经验的价值。相反，它有助于以一种不那么胜利主义、但更现实且动态的视角看待意大利疟疾的征服。
